Abstract
As the basic structure element, hydrogen bond (O:H–O) is universal to all phases of water and ice irrespective geometric configuration or fluctuation order. The O:H–O bond integrates the asymmetric, coupled, short-range intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, whose segmental length and energy respond to stimulations sensitively in a “mater-slave” manner. If one segment shortens and turns to be stiffer, the other will expand and become softer. The O:H nonbond always relaxes more than the H–O bond in length. Such a manner of segmental cooperative relaxation and the associated polarization and bond angle relaxation discriminates ice and water from other substance in responding to stimuli of chemical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and undercoordination effect, which reconcile almost all detectable properties of water and ice.
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• The segmented O:H–O bond approximates an asymmetrical, H-bridged oscillator pair coupled with O–O repulsion, which extends to X:B–A short-range interaction in general.
• O:H–O segmental disparity and O–O repulsivity discriminate water and ice from other “normal” substance in responding to perturbation.
• When stimulated, O 2− anions relax in the same direction but by different amounts along the O:H–O bond.
• O:H–O bond cooperative relaxation dictates the adaptivity, recoverability, and memory-ability of water and ice.
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Sun, C.Q., Sun, Y. (2016). O:H–O Bond Cooperativity. In: The Attribute of Water. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 113. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0180-2_3
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