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The Constitution and the City: Reflections on Judicial Experimentalism Through an Urban Lens

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European Yearbook of Constitutional Law 2020

Part of the book series: European Yearbook of Constitutional Law ((EYCL,volume 2))

Abstract

This chapter invites scholars to pay attention to the role that cities play in the enforcement of social economic rights (SERs), focusing on a type of decisions that some authors have called judicial experimentalism. Experimental justice refers to a judicial approach through which the courts, rather than rendering a final resolution on a case, pursue solutions through the promotion of dialogue and negotiation between governments and affected populations. Gathering insights from socio-legal studies, legal geography and critical urbanism, the chapter proposes an interdisciplinary framework for analysis and a set of research questions that could aid experimental scholars in broadening their research agendas in order to understand the limits and possibilities of SERs structural cases in the global South.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Mayor of Bogotá for two terms (1995–1997 and 2001–2003).

  2. 2.

    Mockus 2003.

  3. 3.

    Ibid., p. 1.

  4. 4.

    Baverman 2014, cited in Bennett and Layard 2015, p. 408.

  5. 5.

    See Epp 1998 in relation to the North American context.

  6. 6.

    Liebenberg and Young 2015.

  7. 7.

    Gargarella 2015a, p. 1.

  8. 8.

    Sabel and Simon 2004, p. 1020.

  9. 9.

    Gargarella 2015b.

  10. 10.

    Ibid., p. 108.

  11. 11.

    See, for example, McLean 2009; Dixon 2007.

  12. 12.

    Brand 2011.

  13. 13.

    Ibid. See also Angel-Cabo and Lovera-Parmo 2015; Liebenberg and Young 2015; Chenwi 2015.

  14. 14.

    Tushnet 2008.

  15. 15.

    Tushnet 2008; Sunstein 2001.

  16. 16.

    Brand 2011; Bilchitz 2013; Liebenberg and Young 2015.

  17. 17.

    Bilchitz 2013.

  18. 18.

    Rodríguez Garavito 2011.

  19. 19.

    Rodríguez Garavito 2011; Gloppen 2009.

  20. 20.

    See, for example, Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010; Lamprea-Montealegre 2015; Cano-Blandón 2017; Yamin and Parra-Vera 2010; Dugard and Langford 2011; Landau 2012; Langford et al. 2014; Birchfield and Corsi 2010.

  21. 21.

    For a complete typology of effects, see: Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010, and Dugard and Langford 2011.

  22. 22.

    See, for example, Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010; Cano-Blandón 2017; Birchfield and Corsi 2010; Langford et al. 2014.

  23. 23.

    Alviar 2015; Angel-Cabo and Lovera-Parmo 2015.

  24. 24.

    See, for example, Lamprea-Montealegre 2015; Langford et al. 2014; Gloppen 2009.

  25. 25.

    See, for example, Tushnet 2008; Landau 2012; Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010.

  26. 26.

    See, for example, Dixon 2007; Bilchitz 2013.

  27. 27.

    Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010.

  28. 28.

    Rodríguez Garavito 2011, p. 1692. See also Cano-Blandón 2017.

  29. 29.

    Dugard and Langford 2011, p. 39.

  30. 30.

    Epp 1998.

  31. 31.

    Moncada 2016.

  32. 32.

    Cano-Blandón 2017.

  33. 33.

    Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2015, p. 24.

  34. 34.

    Cano-Blandón 2017.

  35. 35.

    Moncada 2016.

  36. 36.

    Moncada 2016.

  37. 37.

    Valverde 2012.

  38. 38.

    Parakash 2002, cited in Bhan 2016; Angel-Cabo and Sotomayor 2021.

  39. 39.

    Watson 2009; Moncada 2016.

  40. 40.

    Harvey 2012.

  41. 41.

    Sassen 2014.

  42. 42.

    Holston 2009.

  43. 43.

    Moncada 2016, p. 3.

  44. 44.

    Defensoría del Pueblo 2019.

  45. 45.

    Lamprea-Montealegre 2015.

  46. 46.

    Ferraz 2010; Alviar 2015; Landau 2012.

  47. 47.

    Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010.

  48. 48.

    Pérez-Fernández 2010, p. 78.

  49. 49.

    Valverde 2015, p. 58.

  50. 50.

    See, for example, Blomley 2013; Castro 2015; Bennett and Layard 2015.

  51. 51.

    Bennett and Layard 2015; Castro 2015.

  52. 52.

    Bennett and Layard 2015, p. 406.

  53. 53.

    Castro 2015.

  54. 54.

    Ibid., citing Delaney 2014.

  55. 55.

    Castro 2015.

  56. 56.

    Bennett and Layard 2015, p. 410.

  57. 57.

    Bennett and Layard 2015.

  58. 58.

    Delaney 2010, cited in Bennett and Layard 2015, p. 412.

  59. 59.

    Layard 2015, cited in Bennett and Layard 2015, p. 413.

  60. 60.

    Castro 2015.

  61. 61.

    Castro 2015, p. 231.

  62. 62.

    Latour 1996.

  63. 63.

    Valverde 2015.

  64. 64.

    Ibid., p. 4.

  65. 65.

    Moncada 2016.

  66. 66.

    Hunter 1990.

  67. 67.

    Dahl 2005.

  68. 68.

    Logan and Molotch 1987.

  69. 69.

    Stone 1989.

  70. 70.

    Moncada 2016.

  71. 71.

    Goldfrank 2011.

  72. 72.

    Moncada 2016.

  73. 73.

    Goldfrank 2011.

  74. 74.

    Ibid., p. 7.

  75. 75.

    Watson 2009.

  76. 76.

    Comaroff and Comaroff 2012.

  77. 77.

    Bhan 2016, p. 13.

  78. 78.

    Ibid.

  79. 79.

    Chakrabarty 2009, p. 8.

  80. 80.

    Bhan 2016; Roy 2011.

  81. 81.

    Caldeira 2000.

  82. 82.

    Roy 2011, p. 232.

  83. 83.

    Ibid, citing Simone 2010.

  84. 84.

    Bhan 2016, p. 14.

  85. 85.

    Bhan 2016.

  86. 86.

    Ibid.

  87. 87.

    Coggin and Pieterse 2012.

  88. 88.

    Ibid., p. 274.

  89. 89.

    Ibid.

  90. 90.

    Ibid., p. 275.

  91. 91.

    Bhan 2016.

  92. 92.

    Gupta 2014.

  93. 93.

    Bhan 2016, p. 8.

  94. 94.

    Gupta 2014.

  95. 95.

    Delaney 2010, cited in Bennett and Layard 2015.

  96. 96.

    With reference to the method suggested by Delaney.

  97. 97.

    Sotomayor 2015.

  98. 98.

    Bhan 2016.

  99. 99.

    Ibid.

  100. 100.

    Moncada 2016, p. 3.

  101. 101.

    Larocque 2011.

  102. 102.

    Papadopoulos and Warin 2007.

  103. 103.

    Cornwall 2004, citing Brock et al. 2001.

  104. 104.

    Rodríguez Garavito and Rodríguez Franco 2010.

  105. 105.

    Scheingold 2004, p. xi.

  106. 106.

    Writ for the protection of human rights.

  107. 107.

    Specifically, the Court ordered the creation of a “Committee of Inclusion”, composed of Cali’s recyclers’ organizations, different public entities and organizations from the so-called civil society.

  108. 108.

    Angel-Cabo N. (n.d) Garbage, Courts and Political Struggles: Socioeconomic rights enforcement in emerging global cities (doctoral dissertation, pending defence).

  109. 109.

    Schragger 2014; Azuela 2008.

  110. 110.

    At the time of the order of liquidation, Emsirva had 500 formal workers, 840 indirect contractors, and more than 930 pensioners.

  111. 111.

    A solution that had never been discussed in the Inclusion Committee.

  112. 112.

    See, for example, Portes et al. 1989; Birkbeck 1979.

  113. 113.

    Angel-Cabo and Lovera-Parmo 2015.

  114. 114.

    Field diary, 5 June 2015.

  115. 115.

    Ibid.

  116. 116.

    Ibid.

  117. 117.

    Ibid.

  118. 118.

    Angel-Cabo and Sotomayor 2021.

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  1. Faculty of Law, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

    Natalia Angel-Cabo

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    Ernst Hirsch Ballin

  2. Department of Public Law and Governance, Tilburg Law School, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Gerhard van der Schyff

  3. Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Maarten Stremler

  4. School of Law, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore

    Maartje De Visser

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Angel-Cabo, N. (2021). The Constitution and the City: Reflections on Judicial Experimentalism Through an Urban Lens. In: Hirsch Ballin, E., van der Schyff, G., Stremler, M., De Visser, M. (eds) European Yearbook of Constitutional Law 2020. European Yearbook of Constitutional Law, vol 2. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-431-0_8

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