Romania

Custers, Bart; Sears, Alan M.; Dechesne, Francien; Georgieva, Ilina; Tani, Tommaso; van der Hof, Simone

doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-282-8_8

Bart Custers¹³,
Alan M. Sears¹³,
Francien Dechesne¹³,
Ilina Georgieva¹³,
Tommaso Tani¹³ &
…
Simone van der Hof¹³

Part of the book series: Information Technology and Law Series ((ITLS,volume 29))

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on privacy and data protection in Romania. The first section deals with the general situation regarding privacy and personal data protection. The second section deals with national government policies. The third section deals with laws and regulations. The fourth section deals with implementation. The fifth section deals with regulatory authorities and enforcement.

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Notes

1.
Manolea 2007, p. 1.
2.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 44.
3.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 46.
4.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 109.
5.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 109.
6.
Eurobarometer 431 2015.
7.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 111.
8.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 3.
9.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 111.
10.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 110.
11.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 10.
12.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 13.
13.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 29.
14.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 32.
15.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 40.
16.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
17.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
18.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
19.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 52.
20.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 66.
21.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
22.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 92.
23.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 95.
24.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 98.
25.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
26.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 3.
27.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 39.
28.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 52.
29.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 53.
30.
See news: https://privacy.apti.ro/2015/01/29/romanian-cybersecurity-law-sent-to-the-constitutional-court/ The draft law was declared unconstitutional in January 2015 - https://privacy.apti.ro/2015/01/29/icing-on-the-cake-romanian-cybersecurity-law-unconstitutional/.
31.
See Intelligence organizations get more surveillance powers in Romania, see https://edri.org/intelligence-organisations-get-more-surveillance-powers-in-romania/.
32.
For details, see ActiveWatch FreeEx report 2015 – 2016. The organization highlights the main problems of the press in Romania: “Excessive politicization of the media, corrupt financing mechanisms, editorial policies subordinated to owner interests and intelligence agency infiltration of staff – such has been the impact of the media’s transformation into political propaganda tools, which has been particularly visible in election years, including 2014.” http://activewatch.ro/en/freeex/publications/freeex-report-2015-2016.
33.
Four major laws were declared unconstitutional in 2011–2015 on right to privacy grounds – two data retention laws, one on mandatory registration of pre-paid SIM cards and Internet user's WiFi traffic, and one on cybersecurity.
34.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012 2.1, Annex 1.
35.
See news https://republica.ro/anaf-a-fost-amendata-cu-16-000-de-lei-pentru-lista-rusinii.
36.
The list is available at https://www.anaf.ro/restante/. In this list, searching for names is more difficult than in the previous list.
37.
More info at https://edri.org/romania-mass-surveillance-project-disguised-egovernment/, http://www.liberties.eu/en/ and http://mediapowermonitor.com/content/eu-helps-romanian-intelligence-agency-officially-become-big-brother.
38.
http://coalitiaromanilor.org/a41-romania-stat-politienesc-cu-o-populatie-de-16-ori-mai-mica-decat-sua-sri-asculta-de-2-ori-mai-multe-telefoane-ca-fbi.aspx.
39.
Case Casuneanu vs Romania (22018/10) http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/fra/Pages/search.aspx#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222018/10%22]%7D or Voicu vs Romania (22015/10) or Apostu vs Romania (22765/12).
40.
See for example articles on similar subjects at http://asociatialibertatearomanilor.ro/.
41.
This is a euphemism for ultra-orthodox conservative movements. Their basic argument is that all these eIDs contain the number 666 of the devil. More details and extremist views at https://graiulortodox.wordpress.com/ or http://www.apologeticum.ro.
42.
See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHq8GemUiC4.
43.
See http://www.mediafax.ro/social/miting-anticip-in-bucuresti-o-mie-de-persoane-la-protest-10667857.
44.
www.apti.ro.
45.
www.apador.org.
46.
www.crj.ro.
47.
See www.mcsi.ro/Minister/Agenda-Digitala/Agenda_Digitala.
48.
See https://ec.europa.eu/epale/sites/epale/files/strategia-nationala-agenda-digitala-pentru-romania-20202c-20-feb.2015.pdf.
49.
See, e.g., http://www.romanialibera.ro/politica/institutii/guvernul-ministerul-economiei-va-avea-consultari-publice-privind-acta--actul-nu-schimba-legea-251870.
50.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, pp. 14–16.
51.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 16.
52.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, pp. 17–22.
53.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 23.
54.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 24.
55.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 25.
56.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, pp. 26–30.
57.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 30.
58.
Available at http://igi.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfilesfile/Informare%20publica/Drepturile%20persoanelor/manual.pdf.
59.
http://www.agerpres.ro/economie/2016/11/23/cucu-cio-office-romania-va-adopta-regulamentul-general-pentru-protectia-datelor-in-luna-mai-2018-12-54-32.
60.
https://cert.ro/.
61.
Available at www.sri.ro/ghid-de-autoprotectie.html.
62.
See Buletin Informativ (2016), available at http://dialogcivic.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/BI-ianuarie-2016.pdf.
63.
See at http://www.dataprotection.ro/?page=Materiale_informative&lang=ro.
64.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2013.
65.
www.avp.rp/leg677en.html. See also the official publication in Official Journal of Romania, Part I, No. 790/12 December 2001.
66.
EU 2004 Regular report on Romania’s progress towards accession.
67.
Şandru 2013.
68.
Published in the Official Journal no. 800 of 14 December 2001. See also http://www.armad.ro/eng/legislation/law-no-6762001.
69.
Published in M.Of. No. 1101/25 Nov. 2004.
70.
Published in M.Of. No 767/14 Oct. 2015.
71.
http://www.mai-dga.ro/index.php?l=en&t=9; Published in M.Of. No. 405/15 June 2009, republished in M.Of. No. 474/12 July 2012.
72.
Article 3 of Law No. 238/2009.
73.
Article 32 of Law No. 218/2002 on the organizing and functioning of the Romanian Police.
74.
Article 41 of Law No. 360/2002 on the status of the police worker.
75.
Article 5 of Law 238/2009.
76.
Published in M. Of. No. 32, 15 Jan. 2013.
77.
Published in M. Of. No. 806/13 Oct. 2016.
78.
Chopin and Germaine-Sahl 2013.
79.
Published in M. Of. No. 383/5 June 2002.
80.
The need-to-know principle means that users can only access those data that are necessary to complete their tasks.
81.
http://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=publicated&lang=en.
82.
Decisions 172/2007, 174/2007 and 173/2007.
83.
Decision 101/2008.
84.
Decision 52/2012.
85.
Available at http://dataprotection.ro/?page=ghiduri&lang=ro.
86.
Available http://dataprotection.ro/?page=Rapoarte%20anuale&lang=ro.
87.
Available at http://dataprotection.ro/?page=Materiale_informative&lang=ro.
88.
ARMAD - http://armad.ro/, DPA information - http://www.dataprotection.ro/servlet/ViewDocument?id=622.
89.
www.iclg.co.uk.
90.
www.iclg.co.uk.
91.
The need-to-know principle means that users can only access those data that are necessary to complete their tasks.
92.
Published in M. Of. No. 98/12 Feb. 2010.
93.
Cavoukian 2009.
94.
See also http://hammond-minciu.com/2016/08/10/new-general-data-protection-regulation/.
95.
See, e.g., ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015 at 28; ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2014 at 27, 107; ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2013 at 14.
96.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
97.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 4.
98.
Consent Country Report Romania 2012, p. 39.
99.
Manolea 2007, p. 1.
100.
EU 2004 Regular report on Romania’s progress towards accession.
101.
Manolea 2007.
102.
Published in M.Of. No. 391/9 May 2005.
103.
Both need to have a minimum of 15 years of experience in their specialisation and need to have a good reputation and a high degree of integrity. Neither a legal education or background nor expertise in the area of human rights and/or privacy and personal data protection is required.
104.
Manolea 2007, p. 8.
105.
ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015, p. 103.
106.
E.g., ANSPDCP, Annual Reports 2013, 2014, 2015.
107.
See https://edri.org/romania-mandatory-prepaid-sim-registration-ruled-unconstitutional/.
108.
Press release from 30 November 2016 http://www.avp.ro/comunicate-de-presa/comunicate2016/comunicat_30noiembrie2016.pdf.
109.
http://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=about&lang=en.
110.
Manolea 2007, p. 11.
111.
www.ceecprivacy.org.
112.
See www.uk.practicallaw.com/7-520-9524.
113.
Privacy and Human Rights 2004: Romania, part of the Privacy and Human Rights 2004 by Electronic Privacy Information Center and Privacy International – available at http://www.legi-internet.ro/privacy_ro2004.htm.
114.
Manolea 2007, p. 7.
115.
ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2013.
116.
https://clientsites.linklaters.com/Clients/dataprotected/Pages/Romania.aspx.
117.
For instance, see: http://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=Sanctiuni_aplicate_august_2016&lang=en.
118.
See ANSPDCP, Annual Report 2015.
119.
Eurobarometer 431 2015, p. 52.

References

ANSPDCP (2013) Annual Report 2013. Available at: https://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=home&lang=en
ANSPDCP (2014) Annual Report 2014. Available at: https://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=home&lang=en
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Leiden Law School, eLaw (Center for Law and Digital Technologies), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
Bart Custers, Alan M. Sears, Francien Dechesne, Ilina Georgieva, Tommaso Tani & Simone van der Hof

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Bart Custers
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Alan M. Sears
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Francien Dechesne
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Ilina Georgieva
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Tommaso Tani
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Simone van der Hof
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Custers, B., Sears, A.M., Dechesne, F., Georgieva, I., Tani, T., van der Hof, S. (2019). Romania. In: EU Personal Data Protection in Policy and Practice. Information Technology and Law Series, vol 29. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-282-8_8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-282-8_8
Published: 01 March 2019
Publisher Name: T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague
Print ISBN: 978-94-6265-281-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-6265-282-8
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