Abstract
The last decades have seen a fundamental upheaval in the organisation of modern life, and the university as an institution has been as widely affected by these changes as business, governments, and civil society groups. Higher education has been confronted with increasing marketisation of the State and aggressive re-regulation of the public sector. Internationalisation has created new potential markets for students, alongside increasing access to research collaborators, but it opened universities up to competition with and comparison against institutions in other countries. The growing importance of knowledge production and innovation for economic life has created new potential roles for universities and challenged the traditional societal privileges and monopolies which they have long enjoyed. But these changes have come at the same time as an evolution in the process of change: a growing role for the State in creating and regulating markets in public services has come with a greater role for the State in guiding this reform process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bonaccorsi, A. (2008). Search regimes and the industrial dynamics of science. Minerva, 46, 285–315.
Benneworth, P. (2007). Leading innovation: Building effective regional coalitions for innovation. London: National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts.
Benneworth, P., & Jongbloed, B. W. A. (2009). Who matters to universities? A stakeholder perspective on humanities, arts and social sciences valorisation. Higher Education. DOI 10.1007/s10734-009-9265-2.
Boschma, R. A. (2005). Proximity and innovation. A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61–74.
Bush, V. (1945). Science: The endless frontier. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Chesborough, H. (2003). Open innovation, the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Clark, B. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. Oxford: Pergamon/IAU Press.
Clark, B. R. (2004). Sustaining change in universities: Continuities in case studies and concepts. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Daalder, H. (1982). The sudden revolution and the sluggish aftermath: A retrospective since 1968. In H. Daalder & E. Shils (Eds.), Universities, politicians and bureaucrats: Europe and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Delanty, G. (2002). The university and modernity: A history of the present. In K. Robins & F. Webster (Eds.), The virtual university: Knowledge, markets and management. Oxford: OUP.
Delors, J. (1988). Our Europe: The community and national development. London: Verso.
EC. (1995). Green paper on innovation. Brussels: European Commission.
EC. (2003). Communication from the commission: The role of the universities in the Europe of knowledge. Brussels: European Commission.
EC. (2005). Mobilising the brainpower of Europe: Enabling universities to make their full contribution to the Lisbon strategy. Brussels: European Commission.
Etzkowitz, H. (2008). The triple helix: University-Industry-Government innovation in action. London: Routledge.
Fawcett, C. B. (1924). The provinces of England. A study of some geographical aspects of devolution (Rev. ed., 1961). London: Hutchinson University Library.
Geuna, A. (1999). The economics of knowledge production. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
Goddard, J. B., & Chatterton, P. (2003). The response of universities to regional needs. In F. Boekema, E. Kuypers, & R. Rutten (Eds.), Economic geography of higher education: Knowledge, infrastructure and learning regions. London: Routledge.
Greenhow, T. M. (1831, April 5). The expediency of establishing an academic institution, of the nature of a college or university, for the promotion of literature and science, more especially amongst the middle classes of the community, briefly considered. Paper read to the Literature and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne, 13 pp. Available in Newcastle University Library Archive.
Grit, K. (2000). Economisering als probleem: Een studie naar de bedrijfsmatige stad en de ondernemende universiteit. Assen, NL: Van Gorcum.
Hippel, E. von. (2006). Democratising innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hutchinson. (1975). The origins of the university grants committee. Minerva, 13(4), 583.
Innovatieplatform. (2007a). Intentieverklaring valorisatie. Ondertekend door: VSNU, NWO, Platform Beta Techniek, HBO Raad, STW, TNO, MKB Nederland, VNO-NCW, GTIs.
Innovatieplatform. (2007b). Verzilveren van kennis: Valorisatie van universitaire kennis.
Jongbloed, B. W. A. (2004). Mapping university-business interactions, a research proposal to identify indicators of interaction.
Jongbloed, B., Enders, J., & Salerno, C. (2007). Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda. Higher Education, 56(3), 303–324.
Kilger, C., & Bartenbach, K. (2002). New rules for German Professors. Science, 298(5596), 1173–1175.
Landabaso, M. (1999). Innovation and regional development policy. In R. Rutten, S. Bakkers, K. Morgan, & F. Boekema (Eds.), Learning regions, theory, policy and practice. London: Edward Elgar.
Larédo, P., & Mustar, P. (2004). Public sector research: A growing role in innovation systems. Minerva, 42, 11–27.
Lepori, B., van den Besselaar, P., Dinges, M., Potì, B., Reale, E., Slipersæter, S., et al. (2007). Comparing the evolution of national research policies: What patterns of change? Science and Public Policy, 34(6), 372–388.
Leydesdorff, L., & Etzkowitz, H. (1996). Emergence of a triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Science and Public Policy, 23, 279–286.
Martin, B. R. (2003). The changing social contract for science and the evolution of the university. In A. Geuna, A. J. Salter, & W. E. Steinmueller (Eds.), Science and innovation: Rethinking the rationales for funding and governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
MOCW. (2003). Wetenschapsbudget 2004. Den Haag: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap.
MOCW. (2005). Valorisatie van onderzoek als taak van de universiteiten. Den Haag: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap.
Molas-Gallart, J., Salter, A., Patel, P., Scott, A., & Duran, X. (2002). Measuring third stream ctivities. Final Report to the Russell Group of Universities. Brighton: SPRU, University of Sussex.
Montesinos, P., Carot, J. M., Martinez, J.-M., & Mora, F. (2008). Third mission ranking for world class universities: Beyond teaching and research. Higher Education in Europe, 33(2), 259–271.
Moulaert, F., & Sekia, F. (2003). Territorial innovation models: A critical survey. Regional Studies, 37(3), 289–302.
Neave, G. (2000). ‘Universities’ responsibility to society: An historical exploitation of an enduring issue. In G. Neave (Ed.), Universities’ responsibility to society: International perspectives. Kidlington, Oxford: Elsevier Science.
NFU, VNO-NCW, & VSNU. (2004). Beschermde kennis is bruikbare kennis: Innovation charter bedrijfsleven en kennisinstellingen.
OECD. (2001). Fostering high-tech spin-offs: A public strategy for innovation. Paris: Author.
OECD. (2004). Science and innovation policy: Key challenges and opportunities. Paris: Author.
Reich, R. (1991). The work of nations. London: Simon & Schuster.
Rogers, E. M., Takegami, S., & Yin, J. (2001). Lessons learned about technology transfer. Technovation, 21(4), 253–261.
Rothwell, R., & Dodgson, M. (1992). European technology policy evolution: Convergence towards SMEs and regional technology transfer. Technovation, 12(4), 223–238.
Salomon, J. J. (1985). Science as a commodity: Policy changes, issues and threats. In M. Gibbons & B. Wittrock (Eds.), Science as a commodity: Threats to the open community of scholars. Harlow, Essex (UK): Longman Group Limited.
Schutte, F. (2000). The university-industry relations of an entrepreneurial university – the case of this university and of Twente. In F. Schutte & P. C. van der Sijde (Eds.), The university and its regions: Examples of regional development from the European consortium of innovative universities. Dortmund: ECIU.
Shinn, C. (1980). The beginnings of the University Grants Committee. History of Education, 9(3), 233–243.
Sharp, M. (1990). The single market and European policies for advanced technologies. In C. Crouch & D. Marquand (Eds.), The politics of 1992: Beyond the single European market. Oxford: Blackwell.
Slaughter, S., & Leslie, L. L. (1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Slaughter, S., & Rhoades, G. (1996). The emergence of a competitiveness research and development policy coalition and the commercialization of academic science and technology. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 21(3), 303–339.
Tijssen, R., Hollanders, H., van Steen, J., & Nederhof, A. (2006). Wetenschaps- en technologie- indicatoren 2005. Nederlands Observatorium van Wetenschap en Technologie (NOWT).
van den Kroonenberg, H. (1996). Ondernemen met kennis (Knowledge-based enterprise). Enschede: University of Twente Press.
van der Meulen, B. J. R., & Rip, A. (2001). The Netherlands: Science policy by mediation. In P. Laredo & P. Mustar (Eds.), Research and innovation policies in the new global economy: An international comparative analysis (pp. 297–324). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Van der Ven, A., Polley, D. E., Garud, R., & Venkataraman, S. (1999). The innovation journey. New York: Oxford University Press.
van Tilburg, J. J., & Kreijen, M. (2003). Researchers op ondernemerspad; internationale benchmark studie naar spin-offs uit kennisinstellingen. Den Haag: Ministerie van Economische Zaken.
van Vught, F. (Ed.), (1989). Governmental strategies and innovation in higher education. London: Jessica Kingsley.
VSNU. (2005). Onderzoek van waarde: Activiteiten van universiteiten gericht op kennisvalorisatie. Den Haag: Vereniging van universiteiten.
Ziman, J. M. (1994). Prometheus bound: Science in a dynamic ‘steady state’. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ziman, J. M. (2000). Real science: What it is, and what it means. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Zomer, A. H., Jongbloed, B. W. A., & Enders, J. (2010). Do spin-offs make the academics’ heads spin? The impacts of spin-off companies on their parent research organisation. Minerva, 48(3), 331–353.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zomer, A., Benneworth, P. (2011). The Rise of the University’s Third Mission. In: Enders, J., de Boer, H.F., Westerheijden, D.F. (eds) Reform of Higher Education in Europe. SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-555-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-555-0_6
Publisher Name: SensePublishers
Online ISBN: 978-94-6091-555-0
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)
