This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
A region characterized by a combination of significant mineral resources, farming by white colonizers unmatched in sub-Saharan Africa and a chronic shortage of labour (Amin 1976).
- 2.
Part of a territory managed by a family, and whose name it bears, from the time the area was settled.
- 3.
Witwatersrand Native Labour Association, which centralized the recruitment of mining companies.
- 4.
Forced labour was officially abolished in 1961 when Portugal joined the ILO, but it continued in practice in Mozambique until independence in 1975.
- 5.
National infrastructure such as bridges and railways connecting neighbouring countries were destroyed.
- 6.
The economic embargo enforced by ReNaMo (Resistência Nacional Moçambicana, i.e., Mozambican National Resistance) led the socialist government during the 4th Frelimo Congress (1983) to enter into non-aggression pacts with the RSA (Nkomati Agreement 1984) and to undertake reforms in State sectors.
- 7.
Only 5% of the families in the survey cultivate sorghum, often intercropped with maize and in a small proportion to reduce labour requirements and loss due to pest birds.
- 8.
Given the weakness of the rural banking system and of microcredit institutions in Leonzoane and in the southern part of the country, few families have bank accounts.
References
Abrahamsson H, Nilsson A (1995) Mozambique the troubled transition, from socialist construction to free market capitalism. Zed Books, London, 285 p
Almeida A (1959) Monografia agricola de Massinga (posto-sede). Memorias da Junta de Investigaçoes do Ultramar, 10
Amin S (1976) Unequal development. An essay on the social formations of peripheral capitalism. Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 440 p
Antoine P, Bonvalet C, Courgeau D, Dureau F, Lelièvre E (2009) Biographies d’enquêtes, bilan de 14 collectes biographiques. Ined, Paris, 340 p
Baber R (1996) Current livelihoods in semi-arid rural areas of South Africa. In: Ellis F, Lipton M (eds) Land, labour and rural livelihoods in South Africa. Indicator Press, Durban, pp 269–302
Black R, Ammassari S, Hilker LM, Mouillesseaux S, Pooley C, Rajkotia R (2004) Migration and pro-poor policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Department for International Development, London
Black R, Crush J, Peberdy S (2006) Migration and development in Africa: an overview. African migration and development series. IDASA, Cape Town
Burger R, Woolard I (2005) The state of the labour market in South Africa after the first decade of democracy, CSSR Working Paper, 133. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, p 32
Cortes G, Faret L (2009) Les circulations transnationales – Lire les turbulences migratoires contemporaines. Armand Colin, Paris, 240 p
Covane LA (2001) O trabalho migratorio e a agricultura no sul do Mozambique (1920–1992). Editions Promedia, Maputo, 306 p
De Carvalho M (1969) A agricultura tradicional de Moçambique. Lourenço Marques: Missão de Inquérito AgrÃcola de Moçambique, 67 p
de Haan A (2002) Migration and livelihoods in historical perspective: a case study of Bihar, India. J Dev Stud 38(5):115–142
Ellis F, Harris N (2004) Development patterns, mobility and livelihood diversification. Keynote Paper for DFID Sustainable Livelihood Retreat, University of Surrey, Guildford, 13 July 2004, 30 p
Feliciano J (1998) Antropologia Económica dos Tsonga do Sul de Moçambique. Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique, Maputo, 474 p
First R (1983) Black Gold: the Mozambican miner, proletarian and peasant. The Harvester Press, New York, 256 p
First R, Forjaz M, Manghezi A (1998) O mineiro moçambicano. Um estudo sobre exportação de mão de obra em Inhambane. UEM-Centro de Estudos Africanos, Maputo
Gallego JM, Mendolaz M (2011) Labor migration and social networks participation: evidence from Southern Mozambique. Development Working Papers 279, University of Milan, 51 p
Guilmoto CZ, Sandron F (1999) Approche institutionnelle de la migration dans les pays en développement. Écon Rur 252:47–54
Harries P (1976) Labour migration from the Delagoa Bay Hinterland to South Africa: 1852–1895. University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, Institute of Commonwealth Studies
Hermele K (1988) Land struggle and social differentiation in Southern Mozambique. A case study of Chokwe, Limpopo 1950–1987. Research report. SIAS-Uppsala, 82, p 69
Maphosa F (2010) Remittances and development: The impact of migration to South Africa on rural livelihoods in southern Zimbabwe. In: Frayne B, Crush J (eds) Surviving on the move: migration, poverty and development in Southern Africa. SAMP. African Books Collective, Cape Town, pp 132–145
Mercandalli S (2013) Le rôle complexe des migrations dans les reconfigurations des systèmes d’activités des familles rurales: la circulation comme ressource ? Localité de Leonzoane, Mozambique 1900–2010, Paris, Université Paris Sud XI, PhD thesis in economics, 497 p
Murray C (1981) Families divided: the impact of migrant labour in Lesotho. Cambridge University Press, New York, 235 p
Newitt M (1995) A history of Mozambique. Hurst, London, 679 p
O’Laughlin B (2001) Proletarianisation, agency and changing rural livelihoods: forced labour and resistance in colonial Mozambique. Orpas, Institute of Social Studies Working Paper, 34, 40 p
Sourisseau J-M, Bosc P-M, Fréguin-Gresh S, Bélières J-F, Bonnal P, Le Coq J-F, Anseeuw W, Dury S (2012) Les modèles familiaux de production agricole en question. Quelle méthode pour analyser leur diversité ? Autrepart 62:159–182
Tacoli C (2002) Changing rural-urban interactions in sub-Saharan Africa and their impact on livelihoods: a summary. Working Paper Series on Rural-Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies, 47 p
Van den Berg J (1987) A peasant form of production: wage dependant agriculture in Southern Mozambique. Can J Afric Stud 21(3):375–389
Wa Kabwe-Segatti A (2008) Reforming South African immigration policy in the post-apartheid period (1990–2006): what it means and what it takes. In: Wa Kabwe-Segatti A, Landau L (eds) Migration in post-apartheid South Africa: challenges and questions to policy-makers. AFD, Paris, p 38, 238 p
Wolpe H (1972) Capitalism and cheap labour power in South Africa, from segregation to apartheid. Econ Soc 1(4):425–456
Wuyts M (2001) The agrarian question in Mozambique’s transition and reconstruction. In: Adisson T (ed) From conflict to recovery in Africa. OUP, Oxford, pp 141–154
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Éditions Quæ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mercandalli, S. (2018). Agriculture in Southern Mozambique, an Activity Based on Labour Migration. In: Bosc, PM., Sourisseau, JM., Bonnal, P., Gasselin, P., Valette, É., Bélières, JF. (eds) Diversity of Family Farming Around the World. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1617-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1617-6_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1616-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1617-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)