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Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression in Immunity and Diseases pp 213–225Cite as

The Immunobiology of Interleukin-35 and Its Regulation and Gene Expression

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 941))

Abstract

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is the latest addition to the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, consisting of IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-27β subunit Epstein–Barr virus induced 3 (EBI3). Since its discovery, IL-35 has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activities which are distinct from other members of IL-12 family. IL-35 is also unique in that it is expressed primarily by regulatory T-cells (Tregs) rather than by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). IL-35 can directly suppress effector T-cell proliferation and function and inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells. It is also able to expand regulatory responses to promote tolerance to infections by generating a potent population of IL-35-producing inducible Tregs (iTr35). As the new cellular sources of IL-35 such as CD8+Tregs, Bregs, and tolerogenic dendritic cells DCs (tolDCs) are identified, more immunoregulatory functions of this cytokine are explored. IL-35 has been shown to be associated with a range of autoimmune diseases and cancer models. It appears to be a promising diagnostic biomarker. A greater understanding of the expression and regulatory mechanisms of IL-35 will be beneficial to the development of novel immune therapies.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Mei Song & Xiaojing Ma

  2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Xiaojing Ma

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

    Xiaojing Ma

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Song, M., Ma, X. (2016). The Immunobiology of Interleukin-35 and Its Regulation and Gene Expression. In: Ma, X. (eds) Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression in Immunity and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 941. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_10

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