Skip to main content

Time Synchronization for Multi-hop Surveillance Camera Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Theory and Applications of Smart Cameras

Part of the book series: KAIST Research Series ((KAISTRS))

  • 1956 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years, surveillance systems designed for public safety have become more intelligent by providing context awareness. Traditional surveillance camera systems require access to energy and networking infrastructure in order to operate and to transmit the recorded video data. Since such requirements can increase the costs incurred when installing and maintaining surveillance systems, a wireless surveillance camera system is hereby introduced. The system can operate with low power consumption and also provides network connectivity. The battery life of the system is improved by separating the system into master and slave subsystems. The master subsystem provides Wi-Fi connectivity and records video while the slave-subsystem provides low-power event detection with ZigBee connectivity. The system uses Wi-Fi mesh networks to transmit video data and ZigBee networks to define the network topology and to synchronize multiple surveillance camera systems. Time synchronization is a fundamental issue for distributed surveillance camera systems, so this chapter details a method to synchronize time among multiple surveillance camera systems by using ZigBee radio communications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Raty TD (2010) Survey on contemporary remote surveillance systems for public safety. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part C Appl Rev 40(5):493–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Huang G, He J, Ding Z (2008) Wireless video-based sensor networks for surveillance of residential districts. Lect Note Comput Sci 4976:154–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aruba networks (2011) White paper: using wireless mesh networks for video surveillance version: 1. http://www.arubanetworks.com

  4. Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Comput Netw 54:2787–2805

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Cho H, Baek Y, Kyung C-M (2014) Wireless video sensor network platform and its application for public safety. In: IEEE international conference on embedded software and systems, Aug 2014

    Google Scholar 

  6. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw 38:393–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Akyildiz IF, Melodia T, Chowdhury KR (2006) A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks. Int J Comput Telecommun Netw 51(4):921–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Akyildiz IF, Melodia T, Chowdhury KR (2007) Wireless multimedia sensor networks: survey. IEEE Wirel Commun 14(6):32–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Karlsson J (2010) Wireless video sensor network and its applications in digital zoo. Doctoral thesis of UMEA University

    Google Scholar 

  10. Firetide Inc. (2014) Hot port mesh. http://www.firetide.com

  11. Strix Systems (2009) White paper: wireless mesh networks for distributed video surveillance. http://www.strixsystems.com

  12. Raniwala A, Chiueh T (2005) Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network. In: INFOCOM 2005, pp. 2223–2234

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yang S-C, Yoon M-K, Kim D-H, Kim J-D (2010) Implementation of a multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh network using dynamic WDS based link layer routing. In: International conference on information technology: new generations (ITNG)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Freescale (2014) i.MX 6 datasheet. http://www.freescale.com

  15. OpenWRT (2014) OpenWRT documentation. http://openwrt.org

  16. Ubiquiti Networks (2014) SR71 datasheet. http://www.ubnt.com

  17. STMicroelectronics (2014) STM32F407 datasheet. http://www.st.com

  18. FreeRTOS (2014) http://freertos.org

  19. Open Mesh (2014) B.A.T.M.A.N. advanced documentation overview. http://www.open-mesh.org

  20. Mills DL (1992) Network time protocol (version 3) specification, implementation and analysis, RFC 1305

    Google Scholar 

  21. IEEE 1588-2008 (2008) IEEE standard for a precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and control systems. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society

    Google Scholar 

  22. Yicka J, Mukherjeea B, Ghosal D (2008) Wireless sensor network survey. Comput Netw 52:2292–2330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dong J, Gu L, Zheng C (2011) Research on fault-tolerant strategy of time synchronization for industrial wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on measuring technology and mechatronics automation, Shanghai, China, pp 1146–1149, 6–7 Jan 2011

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rhee IK, Lee J, Kim J, Serpedin E, Wu YC (2009) Clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks: an overview. Sensors 9:56–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Elson J, Romer K (2003) Wireless sensor networks: a new regime for time synchronization. ACM Comput Commun Rev 33:149–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sundararaman B, Buy U, Kshemkalyani AD (2005) Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: a survey. Ad Hoc Netw 3:281–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sichitiu ML, Veerarittiphan C (2003) Simple, accurate time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE wireless communications and networking, New Orleans, LA, USA, 20 March 2003

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cox D, Jovanov E, Milenkovic A (2005) Time synchronization for Zigbee networks. In: Proceedings of the 37th annual southeastern symposium on system theory, Tuskegee, AL, USA, pp 135–138, March 2005

    Google Scholar 

  29. Noh K, Serpedin E, Qaraqe K (2008) A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: pairwise broadcast synchronization. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 7:3318–3322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw 38:393–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lim H, Kim C (2001) Flooding in wireless ad hoc networks. Comput Commun 24:353–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Maroti M, Kusy B, Simon G, Ledeczi A (2004) The flooding time synchronization protocol. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys 2004, Baltimore, MD, USA, pp 39–49, 3–5 Nov 2004

    Google Scholar 

  33. Elson J, Girod L,. Estrin L (2002) Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. In: Proceedings of the fifth symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI), Boston, MA, USA, pp 147–163, 9–11 Dec 2002

    Google Scholar 

  34. Palchaudhuri S, Saha AK, Johnsin DB (2004) Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on information processing in sensor networks, Berkeley, CA, USA, 26–27 April 2004

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ganeriwal S, Kumar R, Srivastava MB (2003) Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys 2003, Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp 138–149, 5–7 Nov 2003

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dai H, Han R (2004) Tsync: A lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev 2004(8):125–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Greunen J, Rabaey J (2003) Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on wireless sensor networks and applications, WSNA 2003, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 11–19, 19 Sept 2003

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ye Q, Zhang Y, Cheng L (2005) A study on the optimal time synchronization accuracy in wireless sensor networks. J Comput Netw 48:549–566

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Weibel H, Bechaz D (2004) Implementation and performance of time stamping techniques. In: Proceedings of the 2004 conference on IEEE 1588, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 27–29 Sep 2004

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cho H, Jung J, Cho B, Jin Y, Lee SW, Baek Y (2009) Precision time synchronization using IEEE 1588 for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computational science and engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp 579–586, 29–31 Aug 2009

    Google Scholar 

  41. Texas Instrument (2013) CC2420 datasheet. http://www.ti.com

  42. Ren F, Lin C, Liu F (2008) Self-correcting time synchronization using reference broadcast in wireless sensor network. IEEE Wirel Commun 15:79–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Song P, Shan X, Li X, Qi G (2009) Highly precise time synchronization protocol for ZigBee networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics 2009 (AIM2009), Singapore, 14–17 July 2009

    Google Scholar 

  44. Welch G, Bishop G (2006) An introduction to the Kalman filter, TR 95-041, University of North Carolina

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Center for Integrated Smart Sensors funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning as the Global Frontier Project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hyuntae Cho .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cho, H. (2016). Time Synchronization for Multi-hop Surveillance Camera Systems. In: Kyung, CM. (eds) Theory and Applications of Smart Cameras. KAIST Research Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9987-4_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9987-4_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9986-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9987-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics