Skip to main content

Socialization into Organizations and Balancing Work and Family

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being ((AHSW))

Abstract

Organizational transitions represent particularly important challenges for both employees and employers. The present chapter summarizes and contextualizes the demands and outcomes of organizational socialization processes. With respect to socialization outcomes, we differentiate between proximal and distal outcomes as well as between work-related and health-related outcomes. We embed organizational socialization and individual self-regulatory strategies in the broader life context of the individual by drawing specific attention to the family domain. The return to work after maternity leave is selected as a sample case to demonstrate how both work-related and family-related experiences and characteristics impact occupational adjustment processes in young adulthood. Finally, we make suggestions how empirical findings on the work-family interplay might be integrated into new organizational socialization programs and initiatives.

The work on this chapter was made possible by a grant to the first author from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF; Grant-No.: PP00P1_123530) as well as by a grant to the second author from Suzanne and Hans Biaesch Foundation. In addition, while preparing the chapter, both authors were members of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives” (also funded by the SNF). The second author has a post-doctoral position financed by this latter grant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abele, A. E., & Wiese, B. S. (2008). The nomological network of self-management strategies and career success. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 733–749. doi:10.1348/096317907X256726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anakwe, U. P., & Greenhaus, J. H. (1999). Effective socialization of employees: Socialization content perspective. Journal of Managerial Issues, 11, 315–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, T., Haahr, J. H., Hansen Eggert, M., & Holm-Pedersen, M. (2008). Job mobility in the European Union: Optimising its social and economic benefits. Taastrup: Danish Technological Institute, Centre for Policy and Business Analysis. http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=514&langId=en. Accessed 20 Dec 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 199–214. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashford, S. J., & Cummings, L. L. (1983). Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 370–398. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(83)90156-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. American Psychologist, 52, 366–380. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.4.366.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, T. N., & Erdogan, B. (2011). Organizational socialization: The effective onboarding of new employees. In S. Zedeck, H. Aguinis, W. Cascio, M. Gelfand, K. Leung, S. Parker, & J. Zhou (Eds.), APA handbook of I/O psychology (Vol. III, pp. 51–64). Washington, DC: APA Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, T. N., Morrison, E. W., & Callister, R. R. (1998). Organizational socialization: A review and directions for future research. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 16, pp. 149–214). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, T. N., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D. M., & Tucker, J. S. (2007). Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 707–721. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological systems theory. Annals of Child Development, 6, 187–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buehler, C., & O’Brien, M. (2011). Mothers’ part-time employment: Associations with mother and family well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 895–906. doi:10.1037/a0025993.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, D., & Schmitt, N. (2000). Interindividual differences in intraindividual changes in proactivity during organizational entry: A latent growth modeling approach to understanding newcomer adaptation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 190–210. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crossley, C. D., Bennett, R. J., Jex, S. M., & Burnfield, J. L. (2007). Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1031–1042. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1031.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doering, M. M., & Rhodes, S. R. (1989). Changing careers: A qualitative study. The Career Development Quarterly, 37, 316–333. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1989.tb00672.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duijts, S. F. A., Kant, I., Swaen, G. M. H., van den Brandt, P. A., & Zeegers, M. P. A. (2007). A meta-analysis of observational studies identifies predictors of sickness absence. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60, 1105–1115. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eby, L. T. (2001). The boundaryless career experiences of mobile spouses in dual-earner marriages. Group & Organization Management, 26, 343–368. doi:10.1177/1059601101263006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang, R., Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2011). The organizational socialization process: Review and development of a social capital model. Journal of Management, 37, 127–152. doi:10.1177/0149206310384630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. C., & Ng, T. W. H. (2007). Careers: Mobility, embeddedness, and success. Journal of Management, 33, 350–377. doi:10.1177/0149206307300815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., Mashalha, S., & Nadam, R. (2001). Cultural perspective on work and family: Dual-earner Israel-Jewish and Arab families at the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 429–509. doi:10.1037//0893-3200.15.3.492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., Sussman, A. L., & Zigler, E. (2004). Parental leave and work adaption at the transition to parenthood: Individual, marital, and social correlates. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 459–479. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.06.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 531–543. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.4.531.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). Relation of work-family conflict to health outcomes: A four-year longitudinal study of employed parents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 325–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gangl, M., & Ziefle, A. (2009). Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Demography, 46, 341–369. doi:10.1353/dem.0.0056.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjerdingen, D. K., Froberg, D. G., Chaloner, K. M., & McGovern, P. M. (1993). Changes in women’s physical health during the first postpartum year. Archives of Family Medicine, 2, 277–283. doi:10.1001/archfam.2.3.277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grandey, A. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The conversation of resources model applied to work-family conflict and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 350–370. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1998.1666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffeth, R. W., & Hom, P. W. (2001). Retaining valued employees. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, M. C. (2001). Changing careers: The effects of social context. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 595–618. doi:10.1002/job.104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Innstrand, S. T., Langballe, E. M., Espnes, G. A., Falkum, E., & Aasland, O. G. (2008). Positive and negative work-family interaction and burnout: A longitudinal study of reciprocal relations. Work & Stress, 22, 1–15. doi:10.1080/02678370801975842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeckel, D., Seiger, C. P., Orth, U., & Wiese, B. S. (2012). Social support reciprocity and occupational self-efficacy beliefs during mothers’ organizational re-entry. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 390–399. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokisaari, M., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2009). Change in newcomers’ supervisor support and socialization outcomes after organizational entry. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 527–544. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2009.41330971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 80–92. doi:10.1037/0021- 9010.86.1.80.

  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 779–794. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.779.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, H. J., & Weaver, N. A. (2000). The effectiveness of an organizational-level orientation training program in the socialization of new hires. Personnel Psychology, 53, 47–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 711–722. doi:10.2307/20159613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, C. J. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1102–1121. doi:10.2307/3069391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E. W. (1993). Newcomer information seeking: Exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557–589. doi:10.2307/256592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (1991). Social support and newcomer adjustment in organizations: Attachment theory at work? Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 12, 543–554. doi:10.1002/job.4030120607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, J. W., Harrison, M. M., Cleveland, J., Almeida, D., Stawski, R., & Crouter, A. C. (2009). Work-family climate, organizational commitment, and turnover: Multilevel contagion effects of leaders. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 18–29. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.10.004.

  • Raabe, B., & Beehr, T. A. (2003). Formal mentoring versus supervisor and coworker relationships: Differences in perceptions and impact. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 271–293. doi:10.1002/job.193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramesh, A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2010). Will they stay or will they go? The role of job embeddedness in predicting turnover in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 807–823. doi:10.1037/a0019464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romans, F. (2008). Labour market trends – 4th quarter 2007 data [Electronic Version]. Eurostat – Data in focus, 14. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-QA-08-014/EN/KS-QA-08-014-EN.PDF. Accessed 20 Dec 2013.

  • Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997). Organizational socialization: Making sense of the past and present as a prologue for the future. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 234–279. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1997.1614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997b). Socialization tactics and newcomer information acquisition. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 5, 48–61. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, A., Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2012). The buffering effect of selection, optimization, an compensation strategy use on the relationship between problem solving demands and occupational well-being: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 139–149. doi:10.1037/a0027054.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, S., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 219–237. doi:10.2307/3069452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seiger, C. P., & Wiese, B. S. (2011). Social support, unfulfilled expectations and affective well-being on return to employment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 446–458. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00817.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirom, A. (2011). Job-related burnout: A review of major research foci and challenges. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (2nd ed., pp. 223–241). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taormina, R. J., & Law, C.-M. (2000). Approaches to preventing burnout: The effects of personal stress management and organizational socialization. Journal of Nursing Management, 8, 89–99. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2834.2000.00156.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, C. H., & Lankau, M. J. (2009). Preventing burnout: The effects of LMX and mentoring on socialization, role stress, and burnout. Human Resource Management, 48, 417–432. doi:10.1002/hrm.20288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. M. (2006). The effectiveness of mentoring programs in corporate settings: A meta-analytical review of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 292–307. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.05.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ommeren, J., Rietvield, P., & Nijkamp, P. (2002). A bivariate duration model for job mobility of two-earner households. European Journal of Operational Research, 137, 574–587. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00108-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voydanoff, P. (2007). Work, family, and community. Exploring interconnections. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wanberg, C. R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 373–385. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.373.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wasti, S. A. (2003). Organizational commitment, turnover intentions and the influence of cultural values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 303–321. doi:10.1348/09317903769647193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, B. S., & Heidemeier, H. (2012). Successful return to work after maternity leave: Self-regulatory and contextual influences. Research in Human Development, 9, 317–336. doi:10.1080/15427609.2012.729913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, B. S., & Ritter, J. O. (2012). Timing matters: Length of leave and working mothers’ daily re-entry regrets. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1797–1807. doi:10.1037/a0026211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, B. S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Subjective career success and emotional well- being: Longitudinal predictive power of selection, optimization, and compensation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 321–335. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, L. M., Baltes, B. B., & Pratt, A. (2007). Using selection, optimization, and compensation to reduce job/family stressors: Effective when it matters. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, 1–29. doi:10.1007/s10869-007-9039-8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bettina S. Wiese .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wiese, B.S., Knecht, M. (2015). Socialization into Organizations and Balancing Work and Family. In: Vuori, J., Blonk, R., Price, R. (eds) Sustainable Working Lives. Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9798-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics