Abstract
This chapter presents recent findings on the impact of processionary moths on human and animal health. The data obtained demonstrate that setae can be dispersed kms away from their origin, a fact that explains why some sensitized subjects experience symptoms without a direct contact with larvae.
The presence of allergens present in setae, the immune response to these allergens and the epidemiological aspects of the impact on humans and animals are described.
A software (URTIRISK) has been developed that allows to observe the evolution of the allergic risk associated with the presence of pine processionary moth, through-out the French territory.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Société Nationale des Groupements Techniques Vétérinaires (National Society of Veterinary Technical Groups)
References
Artola-Bordás, F., Arnedo-Pena, A., Romeu-García, M.A., & Bellido-Blasco, J.B. (2008). Outbreak of dermatitis caused by pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in schoolchildren. Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra, 31(3), 289–293.
Auger-Rozenberg, M.A., Barbaro, L., Batttisti, A., Blache, S., Charbonnier, Y., Denux, O., Garcia, J., Goussard, F., Imbert, C.E., Kerdelhué, C., Roques, A., Torres-Leguizamon, M., & Vetillard, F., (2014). Ecological responses of parasitoids, predators and associated insect communities to the climate-driven expansion of pine processionary moth. In A. Roques (Ed.), Processionary moths and climate change: An update. Dordrecht: Springer.
Battisti, A., Holm, G., Fagrell, B., & Larsson, S. (2011). Urticating hairs in arthropods: Their nature and medical significance. Annual Review of Entomology, 56, 203–220.
Bergia, F., & Keck, G. (1991). Quelques cas d’ingestion de chenilles processionnaires. L’action vétérinaire, 1182, 20.
Blanchard, G. (1994). Erucisme chez le chien. A propos de 6 observations cliniques dans le Sud-Est de la France. Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 170(1), 9–16.
Bogaerts-Rosbergen, H. M., & van Wijk, M. P. (2010). Two doctors with itchy bumps. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 154, A2487.
Bosma, A. H., & Jans, H. W. (1998). A severe anaphylactic shock caused by spraying the Oak Processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) in North Brabant. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 142, 1567–1569.
Braque, R. (1999). Un cas d’envenimation par les processionnaires du chêne. La semaine Vétérinaire, 920, 27.
Bruchim, Y., Ranen, E., Saragusty, J., & Aroch, I. (2005). Severe tongue necrosis associated with pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni) ingestion in three dogs. Toxicon, 45, 443–447.
Cawdell-Smith, A. J., Todhunter, K. H., Perkins, N. R., & Bryden, W. L. (2009). Stage of pregnancy and foetal loss following exposure of mares to processionary caterpillars. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29(5), 339–340.
Charmot, P. (1987). La chenille processionnaire du pin, Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff, et son importance médicale. Thèse de médecine vétérinaire, Lyon, 132 p.
Chuzel, T. (2004). Cas cliniques. Nécrose de la langue chez un chien. Le Point Vétérinaire, 35(243), 79–80.
Cooke, J. A. L., Roth, V. D., & Miller, F. H. (1972). The urticating hairs of theraphosid spiders. American Museum Novitates, 2498, 1–43.
Cuevas, P., Angulo, J., & Giménez-Gallego, G. (2011). Topical treatment of contact dermatitis by pine processionary caterpillar. BMJ Case Reports, 3. pii: bcr0620114351. doi: 10.1136/bcr.06.2011.4351
Darrasse, G. (1991). La chenille processionnaire du pin. Contribution épidémiologique et clinique. Thèse Médecine.Vétérinaire, Toulouse, 101, 49 p.
de Réaumur, R. A. F. (1736). Mémoires pour servir à l’étude des insectes. Tome 2: Suite de l’Histoire des Chenilles et des Papillons et l’Histoire des Insectes ennemis des Chenilles. Paris: Imprimerie royale, 514 p.
Démolin, G. (1963). Les ‘miroirs’ urticants de la processionnaire du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.). Revue de Zoologie Agricole et Appliquée, 10–12, 107–114.
Démolin, G. (1988). Intensification de la protection phytosanitaire des forêts. Algérie 1986–1987. La processionnaire du cèdre: Thaumetopoea bonjeani. FAO, Rapport scientifique et rapport iconographique, Roma, Italy, 21 p.
Demory, C. (2004a). Diagnostic de l’envenimation par les chenilles. Le Point Vétérinaire, 35(247), 30–34.
Demory, C. (2004b). Traiter les envenimations par les chenilles. Le Point Vétérinaire, 35(247), 40–44.
Ducombs, G., Lamy, M., Bergaud, J. J., Tamisier, J. M., Gervais, C., & Texier, L. (1979). La chenille procesionnaire (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff, Lepidoptéres) et l’homme. Etude morphologique de l’appareil urticant. Enquete épidémiologique. Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie, 106, 769–778.
Ducombs, G., Lamy, M., Mollard, S., Guillard, J. M., & Maleville, J. (1981). Contact dermatitis from processional pine caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff). Contact Dermatitis, 7, 287–288.
EFSA. (2009). Scientific opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on a pest risk analysis on Thaumetopoea processionea L., the Oak Processionary moth, prepared by the UK and extension of its scope to the EU territory. The EFSA Journal, 1195, 1–64.
Fabre, J. H. (1899). Souvenirs Entomologiques, Études sur L’instinct et Les Moeurs des Insectes (Vol. 6, p. 257, 420p.). Paris: Delagrave.
Fagrell, B., Jörneskog, G., Salomonnson, A. C., Larsson, S., & Holm, G. (2008). Skin reactions induced by experimental exposure to setae from larvae of the northern pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pinivora). Contact Dermatitis, 59, 290–295.
Fenk, L., Vogel, B., & Horvath, H. (2007). Dispersion of the bio-aerosol produced by the Oak Processionary moth. Aerobiologia, 23, 79–87.
Floater, G. J. (1998). Tuft scales and egg protection in Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich-Schaeffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 37, 34–39.
Fuentes, A. V., Zapatero, R. L., Martínez Molero, M. I., Alonso, L. E., Beitia Mazuecos, J. M., & Bartolomé, Z. B. (2006). Allergy to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in children. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 34, 59–63.
García-Ortiz, J. C., Vega, J. M., Sánchez, P., Sanchís, M. E., Vega, J., Ruiz, C., Rodriguez-Mahillo, A. I., Moneo, I., Battisti, A., & Roques, A. (2010). Biological standardization of a pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) skin test extract. In Abstracts of the XXIX EAACI Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 5–9 June 2010, London, UK (p. 960).
Gilmer, P. M. (1925). A comparative study of the poison apparatus of certain lepidopterous larvae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 18, 203–239.
Gleyze, D. (1995). Envenimation des carnivores domestiques par les vipères, les chenilles processionnaires et les batraciens. Thèse de Médecine Vétérinaire Lyon, 029, 105 p.
Gottschling, S., & Meyer, S. (2006). An epidemic airborne disease caused by the Oak Processionary caterpillar. Pediatric Dermatology, 23, 64–66.
Gottschling, S., Meyer, S., Dill-Mueller, D., Wurm, D., & Gortner, L. (2007). Outbreak report of airborne caterpillar dermatitis in a kindergarten. Dermatology, 215(1), 5–9.
Gourreau, J. M. (2002). La fièvre aphteuse chez les ovins et chez les caprins. Le Point Vétérinaire, 33 (n°spécial), 66–69.
Gourreau, J. M., Cornelis, M., Bourgeois, A., Picard, P., & Laigle, J. (2002). Allergie aux poils de chenille processionnaire du pin chez des moutons. Bulletin des Groupements Techniques Vétérinaires, 14, 93–95.
Groenen, F., & Meurisse, N. (2012). Historical distribution of the Oak Processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea in Europe suggests recolonization instead of expansion. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 14, 147–155.
Hase, A. (1939). Über den Pinienprozessionsspinner und über die Gefährlichkeit seiner Raupenhaare (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, 15, 133–142.
Hesler, L. S., Logan, T. M., Benenson, M. W., & Moser, C. (1999). Acute dermatitis from Oak Processionary caterpillars in a U.S. military community in Germany. Journal of Military Medicine, 164(11), 767–770.
Holm, G., Sjöberg, J., Ekstrand, C., Björkholm, M., Granath, F., Ekbom, A., & Larsson, S. (2009). Tallprocessionsspinnare – stort hälsoproblem på södra Gotland. Resultat av en enkätstudi. Läkartidningen, 106(20), 1891–1894.
Hossler, E. W. (2009). Caterpillars and moths. Dermatology and Therapy, 22, 353–366.
Huchon, H., & Démolin, G. (1970). La bioécologie de la processionnaire du pin. Dispersion potentielle – Dispersion actuelle. Revue Forestière Française (N° spécial “La lutte biologique en forêt”), 220–234.
Inal, A., Altintaş, D. U., Güvenmez, H. K., Yilmaz, M., & Kendirli, S. G. (2006). Life-threatening facial edema due to pine caterpillar mimicking an allergic event. Allergologia et immunopathologia (Madrid), 34, 171–173.
Johansson, S. G., Hourihane, J. O., Bousquet, J., Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C., Dreborg, S., Haahtela, T., Kowalski, M. L., Mygind, N., Ring, J., Van Cauwenberge, P., Van Hage-Hamsten, M., & Wüthrich, B. (2001). EAACI (the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology) nomenclature task force. A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force. Allergy, 56(9), 813–824.
Kawamoto, F., & Kumada, N. (1984). Biology and venoms of Lepidoptera. In A. T. Tu (Ed.), Handbook of natural toxins: Vol. 2. Insect poisons, allergens, and other invertebrate venoms (pp. 291–330). New York: Dekker.
Kemper, H. (1955). Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die durch Afterwolle von Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera) erzeugte Dermatitis, vergleichen mit der Wirkung von Arthropodenstichen. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie, 55, 37–59.
Kozer, E., Lahat, E., & Berkovitch, M. (1999). Hypertension and abdominal pain, uncommon presentation after exposure to a pine caterpillar. Toxicon, 37, 1797–1801.
Lamy, M. (1990). Contact dermatitis (erucism) produced by processionary caterpillars (genus Thaumetopoea). Journal of Applied Entomology, 110, 425–437.
Lamy, M., Ducombs, G., Pastureaud, M. H., & Vincendeau, P. (1982). Productions tégumentaires de la processionnaire du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) (Lépidoptères). Appareil urticant et appareil de ponte. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 107, 515–529.
Lamy, M., Vincendeau, P., Ducombs, G., & Pastureaud, M. H. (1983). Irritating substance extracted from the Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff caterpillar mechanism of action. Experientia, 39, 299.
Lamy, M., Pastureaud, M. H., Novak, F., & Ducombs, G. (1984). Papillons urticants d’Afrique et d’Amérique du Sud (genus Anaphae et genus Hylesia): contribution du microscope électronique à balayage à l’étude de leur appareil urticant et à leur mode d’action. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 109, 163–177.
Lamy, M., Pastureaud, M. H., & Ducombs, G. (1985). Thaumetopoein, an urticating protein of the processionary hairs of the caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff) (Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae). Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie, 301, 173–176.
Lamy, M., Novak, F., Duboscq, M. F., Ducombs, G., & Maleville, J. (1988). The oak Processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea L) and man – Urticating apparatus and mechanism of action. Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie, 115, 1023–1032.
Licht, I. F., & Jonker, G. J. (1998). Serious anaphylactic reaction related to the fight against the Oak Processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) in Noord-Brabant. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 142(45), 2488.
Maier, H., Spiegel, W., Kinaciyan, T., Krehan, H., Cabaj, A., Schopf, A., & Hönigsmann, H. (2003). The Oak Processionary caterpillar as the cause of an epidemic airborne disease, survey and analysis. British Journal of Dermatology, 149, 990–997.
Maronna, A., Stache, H., & Sticherling, M. (2008). Lepidopterism – Oak Processionary caterpillar dermatitis, appearance after indirect out-of-season contact. Journal Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 6(9), 747–750.
McDowell, K. J., Webb, B. A., Williams, N. M., Donahue, J. M., Newman, K. E., Lindemann, M. D., & Horohov, D. W. (2010). Invited review, the role of caterpillars in mare reproductive loss syndrome, a model for environmental causes of abortion. Journal of Animal Science, 88(4), 1379–1387.
Moneo, I., Vega, J. M., Caballero, M. L., Vega, J., & Alday, E. (2003). Isolation and characterization of Tha p 1, a major allergen from the pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Allergy, 58, 34–37.
Mullen, G. R. (2009). Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera). In G. R. Mullen & L. A. Durden (Eds.), Medical and veterinary entomology (pp. 353–370). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Novak, F., Pelisson, V., & Lamy, M. (1987). Comparative morphological, anatomical and biochemical studies of the urticating apparatus and urticating hairs of some Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., Th. processionea L. (Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae) and Hylesia metabus Cramer (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 88, 141–146.
Pesce, H., & Delgado, Q. A. (1971). Poisoning from adult moths and caterpillars. In W. Bürchel & E. E. Buckley (Eds.), Venomous animals and their venoms, Vol. III (pp. 119–156). New York: Venomous Invertebrates Academic.
Petrucco Toffolo, E., Zovi, D., Perin, C., Paolucci, P., Roques, A., Battisti, A., & Horvath, H. (2014). Size and dispersion of urticating setae in three species of processionary moths. Integrative Zoology. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12031.
Picimbon, J. F., Dietrich, K., Angeli, S., Scaloni, A., Krieger, J., Breer, H., & Pelosi, P. (2000). Purification and molecular cloning of chemosensory proteins from Bombyx mori. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 44, 120–129.
Pineau, X. (1999). Approche épidémiologique des intoxications des chiens et chats. Etude de 40 000 dossiers enregistrés au Centre National d’Informations Toxicologiques Vétérinaires de Lyon de 1991 à 1997. Thèse de Médecine Vétérinaire, Lyon, N°076, 192 p.
Pineau, X., & Romanoff, C. (1995). Envenimations des carnivores domestiques. Recueil de medecine veterinaire, 171(2/3), 183–192.
Poisson, L., Boutet, J. P., Paillassou, P., & Fuhrer, L. (1994). Quatre cas d’envenimation par les chenilles processionnaires du pin chez le chien. Le Point Vétérinaire, 25(158), 85–95.
Portero, A., Carreño, E., Galarreta, D., & Herreras, J. M. (2013). Corneal inflammation from pine processionary caterpillar hairs. Cornea, 32(2), 161–164.
Rebollo, S., Moneo, I., Vega, J. M., & Caballero, M. L. (2002). Pine processionary caterpillar allergenicity increases during larval development. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 128, 310–314.
Rivière, J. (2011). Les chenilles processionnaires du pin, évaluation des enjeux de santé animale. Thèse de Médecine Vétérinaire, Maison-Alfort, N°023, 206 p.
Rivière, J., Moutou, F., & Dufour, B. (2011). La chenille processionnaire du pin, une nuisance sanitaire de plus en plus préoccupante. Bulletin des GTV, 58, 87–96.
Robinet, C., Baier, P., Pennerstorfer, J., Schopf, A., & Roques, A. (2007). Modelling the effects of climate change on the potential feeding activity of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Notodontidae) in France. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, 460–471.
Rodríguez-Mahillo, A. I., González-Muñoz, M., Vega, J. M., López, J. A., Yart, A., Kerdelhué, C., Camafeita, E., García Ortiz, J. C., Vogel, H., Toffolo, E. P., Zovi, D., Battisti, A., Roques, A., & Moneo, I. (2012). Setae from the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) contain several relevant allergens. Contact Dermatitis, 67, 367–374.
Ruiz, C. (2011). Alergia a la polilla Thaumetopoea pityocampa en la población adulta de una zona endemica. Doctoral thesis, Departamento de Pediatría e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain, 126 p.
Scheidter, F. (1934). Auftreten der “Gifthaare” bei den Prozession-spinnerraupen in den einzelnen Stadien. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 44, 223–226.
Scheiner, P. (2003). Les chenilles processionnaires chez le chien. Thèse de Médecine Vétérinaire, Lyon, N°136, 122 p.
Shkalim, V., Herscovici, Z., Amir, J., & Levy, Y. (2008). Systemic allergic reaction to tree processionary caterpillar in children. Pediatric Emergency Care, 24(4), 233–235.
Specht, A., Corseuil, E., & Barreto Abella, H. (2008). Lepidopteros de importancia medica. Principais especies no Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas: USEB, 220p.
Stewart, J. (2009). Caterpillar caused abortion. Stewart Veterinary Services- Hoofbeats [online]. Retrieved January 16, 2011, from http://www.drjenniferstewart.com/editorials_15_1457564912.pdf, 5 p.
Tobin, T., Harkins, J. D., Roberts, J. F., VanMeter, P. W., & Fuller, T. A. (2004). The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent Caterpillar II, a toxicokinetic/clinical evaluation and a proposed pathogenesis, septic penetrating setae. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2(2), 142–158.
Turpin, M. (2006). Les chenilles urticantes, effets pathogènes chez l’homme et chez l’animal et données actuelles sur les venins et les moyens de lutte. Thèse de Médecine Vétérinaire., Nantes, N°097, 182 p.
Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., López-Rico, R., Curiel, G., Bartolomé, B., & Fernández, A. (1997). Anaphylaxis to a pine caterpillar. Allergy, 52, 1244–1245.
Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., Fernández, A., Vega, J., De la Fuente, R., Sánchez, P., & Sanchís, M. E. (1999). Allergy to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 29, 1418–1423.
Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., Vega, J., De la Fuente, R., & Fernández, A. (2000). Pine processionary caterpillar as a new cause of immunologic contact urticaria. Contact Dermatitis, 43, 129–132.
Vega, J. M., Vega, J., Vega, M. L., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., & Sánchez, B. (2003a). Skin reactions to pine processionary caterpillar. Allergy, 58, 87–88.
Vega, M. L., Vega, J., Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., Sánchez, E., & Miranda, A. (2003b). Cutaneous reactions to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in pediatric population. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 14, 1–5.
Vega, J., Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., Caballero, M. L., & Miranda, A. (2004). Occupational immunologic contact urticaria from pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), experience in 30 cases. Contact Dermatitis, 50, 60–64.
Vega, J., Vega, J. M., & Moneo, I. (2011a). Manifestaciones cutáneas originadas por la oruga procesionaria del pino (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Actas Dermo-sifiliográficas, 102(9), 658–667.
Vega, J. M., Moneo, I., García-Ortiz, J. C., Sánchez-Palla, P. S., Sanchís, M. E., Vega, J., Gonzalez-Muñoz, M., Battisti, A., & Roques, A. (2011b). Prevalence of cutaneous reactions to the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in an adult population. Contact Dermatitis, 64(4), 220–228.
Watson, P. G., & Sevel, D. (1966). Ophthalmia nodosa. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 50, 209–217.
Werno, J., & Lamy, M. (1990). Animal atmospheric pollution, The urticating hairs of the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris Série III, 310, 325–331.
Werno, J., Lamy, M., & Vincendeau, P. (1993). Caterpillar hairs as allergens. Lancet, 342, 936–937.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Éditions Quæ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moneo, I. et al. (2015). Medical and Veterinary Impact of the Urticating Processionary Larvae. In: Roques, A. (eds) Processionary Moths and Climate Change : An Update. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9340-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9340-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9339-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9340-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)