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Child Welfare and Child Protection: Medicalization and Scandalization as the New Norms in Dealing with Violence Against Children

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Part of the book series: Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research ((CHIR,volume 9))

Abstract

Public discourses about violence against children and about child welfare are – for good reasons – filled with normative and ideological presupposition. The reason for the general recognition of the child’s need for protection lies in the Western concept of childhood, which in contrast to adulthood, is a clearly defined phase of life and, unlike the latter, is characterized by innocence, dependence, and vulnerability. Child abuse is therefore also an exploitation and violation of these characteristics, as well as an undermining of the principles of justice, trust, and responsibility. This normative impetus always includes the demand for better – scientifically grounded – prevention against child abuse. The aim of this contribution is to describe the origin of the normative framework for the well-being of children in most countries of the Western world as the result of an interdiscourse of different social systems. Special emphasis will be put on the media representing a broader public and medicine with its specific medical conception of child well-being which seeks to describe children’s welfare in terms of the normal, the pathological, diagnoses and therapies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Some of the following thoughts have been published in German before. See Görgen et al. (2013); Schmitz and Fangerau (2010). The English has been edited by Writescienceright.

  2. 2.

    On the autonomy of systems and intersystemic conflicts/rivalries see e.g. Luhmann (1998: pp. 776ff.), Schimank (2006). For medicalization as a model for the expansion of a system’s influence see for example Peter Conrad (2007).

  3. 3.

    A concise overview provides an interpretation of Hogarth’s “Gin Lane”: Rodin (1981).

  4. 4.

    For a critical review of the literature on the subject of changing economic situations in child protection see Hooper (1989).

  5. 5.

    On the complexity of biologization and medicalization debates in modern times see the overview Wehling et al. (2007).

  6. 6.

    For an exploratory v.a. transnational overview see Umehara and Halling (2006).

  7. 7.

    For a short overview see Labbe (2005).

  8. 8.

    Forensic pathologist of the nineteenth century already had this problem. In some instances they had initially interpreted injuries on corpses that had been caused by insect attack, incorrectly as signs for abuse (Benecke 2001).

  9. 9.

    See Hacking (1991: pp. 269–274).

  10. 10.

    On the term “structural violence” see Galtung (1971).

  11. 11.

    Compare Hobbs and Wynne (1986).

  12. 12.

    Original (translated by the authors): “Ein Leben ‘am Rande des Schwachsinns’

    Auf der Anklagebank sitzt ein anderes Frankreich; jenes moralisch im Verfall befindliche Frankreich der Benachteiligten und Ausgeschlossenen, das zunehmend ein vom Rest des Landes kaum mehr wahrgenommenes Eigenleben führt. Viele Angeklagte sind seit langer Zeit arbeitslos und alkoholkrank und weisen einen unterdurchschnittlichen Intelligenzquotienten auf. Einige sind Analphabeten. Von einem Leben ‘am Rande des Schwachsinns’ sprach ein Anwalt in Angers. ln einem Polizeibericht ist die Rede von einer ‘Bevölkerungsgruppe mit Mängeln auf allen Ebenen’”.

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Fangerau, H., Görgen, A., Griemmert, M. (2015). Child Welfare and Child Protection: Medicalization and Scandalization as the New Norms in Dealing with Violence Against Children. In: Bagattini, A., Macleod, C. (eds) The Nature of Children's Well-Being. Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9252-3_13

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