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Horizontal Gene Transfer in Microbial Ecosystems

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Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications

Abstract

Microorganisms live in fluctuating environments. At the microscopic scale, their habitats are contrasted and have highly variable physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The versatility of microbial ecosystems implies that microorganisms must constantly adapt to these. Adaptation can result from spontaneous point mutations of the genetic material that creates genetic diversity at the population level. However, this mechanism by itself is not capable of explaining the extraordinary adaptive capacity of microorganisms. Research performed in the first part of the twentieth century has revealed that this capacity results very often from the ability to import genetic material from other microorganisms. This phenomenon is called horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer (HGT). The mechanisms of HGTs and their evolutionary consequences are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

    Céline Brochier-Armanet

  2. Unité d’Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France

    David Moreira

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  1. Céline Brochier-Armanet
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Correspondence to Céline Brochier-Armanet .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, CNRS 7294 IRD 235, Cedex 9, Marseille, France

    Jean-Claude Bertrand

  2. Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UM 110, CNRS 5254, Pau Cedex, France

    Pierre Caumette

  3. Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ, Paris 06, USR CNRS 3579, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France

    Philippe Lebaron

  4. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR-CNRS-IRD 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Cedex 20, Marseille, France

    Robert Matheron

  5. Microbial Ecology Center, UMR CNRS 5557/USC INRA 1364, Villeubanne, France

    Philippe Normand

  6. Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Université, Aubère Cedex, France

    Télesphore Sime-Ngando

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Brochier-Armanet, C., Moreira, D. (2015). Horizontal Gene Transfer in Microbial Ecosystems. In: Bertrand, JC., Caumette, P., Lebaron, P., Matheron, R., Normand, P., Sime-Ngando, T. (eds) Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9118-2_12

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