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MFG-E8 as a Marker for Apoptotic, Stressed and Activated Cells

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MFG-E8 and Inflammation

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Abstract

Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8)/lactadherin’s ability to specifically recognize phosphatidylserine (PS) in membranes has been recognized as an excellent tool in a variety of scientific and clinical contexts. An asymmetric pattern of phospholipids across cellular membranes in eukaryotes is a fundamental property in maintaining normal cell function. However, randomization of phospholipids is an equally important event when cells are activated leading to exposure of the otherwise hidden PS crucial in orchestrating downstream events in apoptosis and coagulation. Lactadherin has in recent years been recognized as a sensitive PS binding protein for visualizing apoptosis and as an anticoagulant. Compared to the benchmark PS-probe, annexin V, lactadherin seems to be superior in several PS binding properties. Numerous studies show the usefulness of lactadherin in monitoring cell health in vitro and in vivo, in detecting cell-derived PS exposing microparticles, or for exploring mechanisms in apoptosis. Moreover, radio-labeled lactadherin has been proposed as a non-invasive marker in the clinic for imaging of apoptotic events. Lactadherins PS recognition owes to the proteins C-domains, and has been used in recombinant exosome engineering in addressing proteins of interest to surfaces of nano-membrane particles. This chapter outlines the use of lactadherin as a PS binding protein, based on several publications where many of these are conducted in collaboration with us, and reflects our experimental experiences with the protein over several years.

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Abbreviations

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

HYNIC:

Hydrazinonicotinamide

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10C, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark

    Kristine Blans MS & Jan Trige Rasmussen PhD

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  1. Kristine Blans MS
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Correspondence to Jan Trige Rasmussen PhD .

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  1. Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Inst. for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA

    Ping Wang

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Blans, K., Rasmussen, J.T. (2014). MFG-E8 as a Marker for Apoptotic, Stressed and Activated Cells. In: Wang, P. (eds) MFG-E8 and Inflammation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8765-9_2

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