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Hedonic Capacity and Related Factors in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

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Abstract

Anhedonia describes the feeling of decreased capacity to experience pleasure, for example, when activities that an individual once found pleasurable are no longer enjoyable. The present chapter outlines the attribution of multidimensional independent variables to the levels of physical and social anhedonia in 87 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and schizoaffective (SA) disorder. No significant differences between SZ and SA patients were revealed in the Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scale scores. There are two groups of independent variables with alternative associations with hedonic capacity dimensions: increasing and enhancing severity of anhedonia. The correlations of anhedonia scales with both negative and depressive symptoms were the loss significance after controlling for general quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and coping styles. A well-fitting factor model provides support for the dimensional structure of 25 independent variables with physical and social anhedonia scales that differentially associated into three domains: psychopathology and functioning, anhedonia and personality features, distress and unmet needs. Hedonic capacity deficit did not associate with the following variables: severity of illness and, PANSS positive factor, activation factor, dysphoric mood and autistic preoccupations, somatization, emotion oriented coping, general, sexual, social and occupational functioning, violence risk, alcohol, drug and substance use, antipsychotic agents, gender, and marital status. Further research is needed to clarify the factor structure of the anhedonia scales. Thus, the hedonic capacity of patients with SZ/SA is attributed to a number of personality related traits that uniquely contributed to the relationship of anhedonia levels with severity of negative and depressive symptoms. These findings might be of therapeutic relevance and enable better understanding of the multifactorial nature of anhedonia.

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Abbreviations

ASEX:

Arizona Sexual Experience Scale

AUS:

Alcohol Use Scale

BSI-S:

Brief Symptom Inventory Scale-Somatization

CANSAS-P:

Camberwell Assessment of Need scale patient-rated

CDSS:

Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia

CISS:

Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations

CGI-S:

Clinical Global Impression Scale

CT:

combined therapy (a combination of FGAs and SGAs)

DSAS:

Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms

DUS:

Drug Use Scale

GSES:

General Self-Efficacy Scale

GAF:

Global Assessment of Functioning scale

FGAs:

First-generation antipsychotic agents

MCAS:

Multnomah Community Ability Scale

MSPSS:

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

PANSS:

Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale

PAS:

Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale

PAS/SAS:

All PAS and SAS items together

RAQ:

Risk Assessment Questionnaire

RSES:

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

SA:

Schizoaffective disorder

SAS:

Revised Social Anhedonia Scale

SATS:

Substance Abuse Treatment Scales

SGAs:

Second-generation antipsychotics

SZ:

Schizophrenia

SZ/SA:

Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder together

SOFAS:

Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale

TBDI:

Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory

Q-LES-Q:

Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire

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Special thanks R. Kurs, B.A. for editing this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Michael S. Ritsner M.D., Ph.D.

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    Michael S. Ritsner

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Ritsner, M.S. (2014). Hedonic Capacity and Related Factors in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. In: Ritsner, M. (eds) Anhedonia: A Comprehensive Handbook Volume II. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8610-2_3

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