Skip to main content

Abstract

Plantation horticulture is an important part of the economic landscape of many tropical countries. Plantations were developed in association with colonial expansion and the original models were based on the production of monocrops which had a ready export market, using cheap or slave labour. Plantations in the twenty first Century are less likely environments for exploitation of human and environmental capital. They are however, linked to crop production on a large scale for produce to be sold, at profit, for export to distant markets rather than local sale. A range of crops can be broadly categorized into plantation crops. Plantations continue to be effective models for efficient agricultural production and will evolve in response to the continued demand for food, fruit, fibre, oil crops and timber from a growing population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anon (no date) Market segmentation of major Avocado markets. Sugar and beverage raw materials, tropical and horticultural product service, Commodities and Trade Division, FAO. www.fao.org/ES/ESC/common/ecg/226/en/avocados_web.pdf. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Anon (1983) Thermal efficiency of coconut oil as a compression ignition fuel. Primary investigation unit, physics department. Document number 9, Research report no 76. James Cook university of North Queensland Townsville Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon (2007) Global wood and wood products flow—trends and perspectives; Item 5. Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood products, Shanghai, China, June 2007. http://www.fao.org/forestry/12711-0e94fe2a7dae258fbb8bc48e5cc09b0d8.pdf. Accessed Feb 2013

  • Anon (2008) Cocoa market report. Cocoa Board of Papua New Guinea, Economics and Statistics Section, Sept 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon (2011) Oil palm plantations: threats and opportunities for tropical ecosystems. December 2011, UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS). www.unep.org/geas. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Anon (2012a) Cotton: World Markets and Trade. USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service, Circular Series, FOP 11 12, December 2012. http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/current/cotton-market/cotton-market-12-11-2012.pdf

  • Anon (2012b) Monthly review of the cocoa market situation—September 2012. International Cocoa Organization, UK. http://www.icco.org/about-us/international-cocoa-agreements/cat_view/52-monthly-review-of-the-market-2012.html. Accessed Nov 2012

  • Anon (2012c) Cocoa sustainability. World Cocoa Foundation, LMC International. http://www.canacacao.org/uploads/smartsection/19_LMC_WCF_Cocoa_Sustainability_Report_2012.pdf. Accessed Nov 2012

  • Anon (2012d) An introduction to the Cameroon Cocoa Industry—May 2012. Drum Commodities. www.drumcommodities.com/assets/39/Cameroon_Cocoa_Industry_Introduction_May_2012.pdf

  • Anon (2012e) Australian Macadamia Society (AMS) Marketing report (members only), June 2012. https://macadamias.org/

  • Barlow HS, Enoch I, Russell RA, Macmillan HF (1991) Tropical planting and gardening. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes AC (1953) Agriculture of the sugar-cane. Leonard Hill Limited, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros S (2010) Brazil Sugar Annual 2010. USDA GAIN Report BR10002. http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Sugar%20Annual_Sao%20Paulo%20ATO_Brazil_4-12-2010.pdf. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Barry P (2007) Brain seasoning: a common spice could deter Alzheimer’s. Sci News 172:37–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley BGD (2005) The genetic diversity of cocoa and its utilisation. CABI, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beckett WH (1946) Korasang, a gold coast plantation. Department of Agriculture, Gold Coast

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett ST (2000) The science of chocolate. Royal society of chemistry. Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigger M (2006) The dissemination of coffee cultivation throughout the world. Tropical Agricultural Newsletter

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucheli M (2006) Good dictator, bad dictator: United Fruit Company and Economic Nationalism in Central America in the twentieth century. University of Illinois, College of Business, Working papers. http://www.business.uiuc.edu/Working_Papers/papers/06-0115.pdf. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Chan YK, Paull RE (2006) Carica papaya L.—papaya. In: Janick Jules, Paull RE (eds) The encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe SD, Coe MD (2000) The true history of chocolate. Thames and Hudson, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Colchester M, Wee AP, Wong MC, Jalong T (2007) Land is life: land rights and oil palm. Forest peoples programme and Perkumpulan Sawit Watch. www.forestpeoples.org

  • Courtenay PP (1965) Plantation agriculture. Bell’s Advanced Economic Geographies, Bell and Hyman, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Dand R (2011) The International Cocoa Trade. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Oxford, p. 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniells JW (2006) New banana cultivars with market potential. pp. 284–288. In: Soprano E, Tcacenco FA, Lichtemberg LA, Silva MC (eds), XVII ACORBAT International Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniells JW (2009) Global disease management—getting serious with sustainability and food security. Acta Hortic 828: 411–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniells JW, O’Keefe V, Smyth H, Gething K, Fanning K, Telford P (2012) Planet of the Cavendish—understanding the domination. Acta Hortic (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson C (2012) The organic banana market. FruiTrop 200: 50–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Diczbalis Y, Lemin C, Richards N, Wicks C (2010) Producing Cocoa in Northern Australia. Publication number 09/092, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation

    Google Scholar 

  • Drinnan JE (2008). Fertiliser strategies for mechanical tea production. Publication no. 08/030, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Duerr C, Hacking G, Morecraft B, Seth M (2012) Almond Round Table, XXXI World Fruit and Nut Congress, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Eden, T (1965) Tea. Tropical agricultural series, 2nd edn. Longmans, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskes AB (2006) Project justification, objectives, structure and expected outputs, in the global approach to Cocoa germplasm utilisation and conservation, final report of the CFC, ICCO and IPGRI project 1998–2004. CFC technical paper no.50, pp 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans EA, Ballen FH (2012) An overview of global papaya production, trade, and consumption, University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

  • Fairtrade Foundation. http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/

  • FAO (2006) Responsible management of planted forests: voluntary guidelines. Planted forests and trees working paper 37/E, Rome. www.fao.org/forestry/site/10368/en

  • FAO (2009) Planted forests: uses, impacts and sustainability. In: Evans J (ed). CABI, UK and FAO Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2012) FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/

  • Foale M (2003) The coconut odyssey – the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life. ACIAR Monograph No. 101, p. 132

    Google Scholar 

  • Foale M, Roebeling P (2006) Potential for profitable coconut production in northern Queensland. In: Adkins SW, Foale M, Samosir YMS (eds) Coconut revival: new possibilities for the “tree of life”. Proceedings of the International coconut Forum held in Cairns, Australia, November, 2005. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia, pp 22–24

    Google Scholar 

  • França D de A, Longo KM, Neto TGS, Santos JC, Freitas SR, Rudorff B, Cortez EV, Anselmo E, Carvalho JA Jr (2012) Pre-harvest sugarcane burning: determination of emission factors through laboratory measurements. Atmosphere 3:164–180. doi:10.3390/atmos3010164

    Google Scholar 

  • Griggs PD (2011) Global industry, local innovation: the history of cane sugar production in Australia, 1820–1995. Peter langAG, Bern, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Haarer AE (1962) Modern coffee production, 2nd edn. Leonard Hill, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartemink AE (2005) Plantation agriculture in the tropics. Outlook Agr 34:11–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemphill IR (2000) Spice notes: a cook’s compendium of herbs and spices. Pan Macmillan, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  • King NJ (1965) Harvesting the crop, and factors which affect it. In: Knight NJ, Mungomery RW, Hughes CG (eds) Manual of cane growing. Angus & Robertson, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  • Knapp AW (1930) The cocoa and chocolate industry: the tree; the bean; the beverage. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Irawan S, Tacconi L, Ring I (2011) Stakeholders’ incentives for land-use change and REDD+: the case of Indonesia. Working paper #2, Asia Pacific Network for environmental governance, The Australian National University

    Google Scholar 

  • INC (2012) Database. (INC members only) http://www.nutfruit.org/en/the-database_4095

  • Irvine H (2004) Sweet and sour: accounting for South Sea Islander labour at a North Queensland sugar mill in the late 1800s. Proceedings 10th World Congress of Accounting Historians, pages pp 1–37, St Louis, Missouri and Oxford, Mississippi, USA. http://eprints.qut.edu.au. Accessed Nov 2012

  • Lass RA (1999) Cocoa growing and harvesting practices. In: Knight I (ed) Chocolate and cocoa, health and nutrition. Wiley-Blackwell, USA, p 22

    Google Scholar 

  • Lescot T (2012) The genetic diversity of banana. FruiTrop 200:74–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Liyanage MDes, Tejwanti KG, Nair PKR (1986) Intercropping under coconuts in Sri Lanka. COCOS 4:23–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Lupein JR (1999) Overview of the nutritional benefits of cocoa and chocolate. In: Knight I (ed) Chocolate and cocoa, health and nutrition, p 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangelsdorf, AJ (1950) Sugar-cane: as seen from Hawaii. Econ Bot 4:150–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy JF, Cramb RA (2009) Policy narratives, landholders engagement and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian Frontiers. Geogr J 175:112–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConachie I (1980) The macadamia story. California Macadamia Society Yearbook 26:41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee H (2004) On food and cooking: the science and lore of the kitchen. Scriber, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton G (1999) Nathaniel’s Nutmeg—how one man’s courage changed the course of history. Hodder & Stoughton, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Naamani G (2007) California Avocado Society 2007. Yearbook 90:71–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman SM (1985) A survey of interculture practices and research in Sri Lanka. Agrofor Syst 3:25–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nobre Lages V (1996) Resource use patterns: the case of coconut-based agrosystems in the coastal zones of Kerala, India and Alagoas, Brazil. Working paper No:15, ed (Miguel Clusener-Godt), UNESCO—South-South Cooperation Programme, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Osakwe E (2009) Cotton fact sheet—India. International Cotton Advisory Committee. http://www.icac.org/econ_stats/country_facts/e_india.pdf

  • Paull RE, Duarte O (2011) Tropical fruits, 2nd edn, vol 1. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce F (2003, Jan 18) Going bananas. New Sci 177(2378): 27–29. (Retrieved Feb 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pipitone L (2012) The future of the world cocoa economy: boom or bust? International Cocoa Organization, FAO Committee on Commodity Problems, 28–30 may. Rome. ICCO. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/bodies/CCP_69/CCP_69_MeetingPresentations/3a_ICCO_Presentation.pdf. Accessed Nov 2012

  • Purseglove JW (1968) Tropical crops—Dicotyledons. Longman, Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche J (2000) The international banana trade. CRC Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose S (2009) For all the tea in China. Hutchinson, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe P (1998) Sugar cane: past and present. Southern Illinois University. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1388&context=ebl&sei-redir=1. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Shelton HM, Stür WW (eds) (1991) Forages for plantation crops. Proceedings of a workshop. Sanur Beach. Bali, Indonesia. 27–29 June 1990. ACIAR Proceedings No. 32. 168 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Shigeura GT, Ooka, H (1984) Macadamia nuts in Hawaii: history and production. pp. 6–22. In: Research Series, Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. College of Agriculture and Human Resources, Univ. Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds NW (1966) Bananas. UK: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soh AC, Kee KK, Goh KJ, Ang BN, Ooi LH (2008) Elaesis guineensis—oil palm. In: Janick J, Paull RE (eds) The encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens W, Hamilton AP, Carr MKV (1998) Plantation crops. In: Webster CC, Wilson PN (eds) Agriculture in the tropics. Blackwell Science, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Topik S, Clarence-Smith WG (2003) Coffee and global development. In: Clarence Smith WG, Topik S (eds) The global coffee economy in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 1500–1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckermant E, Bailey C, Chen H, Gary-Vaughn G, Lin LS, Purcell-Miramontes M, Sheely D, Welsh S (2002) Consumer—driven agriculture. http://www.csrees.usda.gov/about/white_papers/pdfs/consumer.pdf. Accessed Dec 2012

  • Verheye W (2010) Growth and production of oil palm. In: Verheye W (ed) Land use, land cover and soil sciences. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK. (http://www.eolss.net)

  • Walton H (2008) Coconut oil as an alternative fuel—progress in fisheries related applications, lessons learned from a pilot project. SPC Fish Newsl 27:29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • West J, Voelcker OJ (1942) Plantation cacao in the British Cameroons. Trop Agric Trinidad 19:4–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcove DS, Koh LP (2010) Addressing the threats to biodiversity from oil-palm agriculture. Biod and Cons 19:999–1007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood GAR, Lass RA (1985) Cocoa. Blackwell Science Books, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Yen CR, Paull RE (2006) Dimocarpus longan—longan. In: Jules J, Paull RE (eds) The encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Zang (1997). Litchi Pictorial Narration Cultivation. Zhang Zhanewei (ed) Pomology Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

    Google Scholar 

  • Zee F, Paull RE (2006) Litchi chinensis—litchi. In: Jules J, Paull RE (eds) The encyclopedia of fruits and nuts. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the following; Dr Russ Stevenson, the late Dr David Aldous and Dr Geoff Dixon for their editorial comment, the Mackay family for contribution of photographs of their banana plantation, Dr. Rob Lockwood for personal communications on cocoa production in Africa and Macadamia Farm Management for supply of photographs of Macadamia plantations and machinery.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan Diczbalis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Diczbalis, Y., Daniells, J., Lambert, S., Searle, C. (2014). Plantation Crops. In: Dixon, G., Aldous, D. (eds) Horticulture: Plants for People and Places, Volume 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8578-5_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics