Abstract
The conversion of somatic cells into so called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is generally considered as major breakthrough in stem cell research, and cardiomyocytes derived from human iPS cells are considered as promising cell source for disease modelling, drug screening and safety pharmacology, and future therapeutic applications.
This review gives an overview on the molecular basis of cardiac development, recent progress in directing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into the cardiac lineage and characterisation of the resulting myocytes. Moreover, generation of cardiac cells from disease-specific iPSCs and application of iPSC-derived myocytes for engineering of functional heart tissue and heart repair is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Anderson D, Self T, Mellor IR, Goh G, Hill SJ, Denning C (2007) Transgenic enrichment of cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Mol Ther 15:2027–2036
Brand T (2003) Heart development: molecular insights into cardiac specification and early morphogenesis. Dev Biol 258:1–19
Bruneau BG (2002) Transcriptional regulation of vertebrate cardiac morphogenesis. Circ Res 90:509–519
Burridge PW, Keller G, Gold JD, Wu JC (2012) Production of de novo cardiomyocytes: human pluripotent stem cell differentiation and direct reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 10:16–28
Carvajal-Vergara X, Sevilla A, D’Souza SL, Ang YS, Schaniel C, Lee DF, Yang L, Kaplan AD, Adler ED, Rozov R, Ge Y, Cohen N, Edelmann LJ, Chang B, Waghray A, Su J, Pardo S, Lichtenbelt KD, Tartaglia M, Gelb BD, Lemischka IR (2010) Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of LEOPARD syndrome. Nature 465:808–812
Dahlmann J, Krause A, Moller L, Kensah G, Mowes M, Diekmann A, Martin U, Kirschning A, Gruh I, Drager G (2012) Fully defined in situ cross-linkable alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogels for myocardial tissue engineering. Biomaterials 34:940–951
Dick E, Rajamohan D, Ronksley J, Denning C (2010) Evaluating the utility of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells for drug screening. Biochem Soc Trans 38:1037–1045
Dubois NC, Craft AM, Sharma P, Elliott DA, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Gramolini A, Keller G (2011) SIRPA is a specific cell-surface marker for isolating cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 29:1011–1018
Elliott DA, Braam SR, Koutsis K, Ng ES, Jenny R, Lagerqvist EL, Biben C, Hatzistavrou T, Hirst CE, Yu QC, Skelton RJ, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Lim SM, Khammy O, Li X, Hawes SM, Davis RP, Goulburn AL, Passier R, Prall OW, Haynes JM, Pouton CW, Kaye DM, Mummery CL, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG (2011) NKX2-5(eGFP/w) hESCs for isolation of human cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes. Nat Methods 8:1037–1040
Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF 3rd (2013) ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol 31:397–405
Golzio C, Havis E, Daubas P, Nuel G, Babarit C, Munnich A, Vekemans M, Zaffran S, Lyonnet S, Etchevers HC (2012) ISL1 directly regulates FGF10 transcription during human cardiac outflow formation. PLoS One 7:e30677
Graichen R, Xu X, Braam SR, Balakrishnan T, Norfiza S, Sieh S, Soo SY, Tham SC, Mummery C, Colman A, Zweigerdt R, Davidson BP (2008) Enhanced cardiomyogenesis of human embryonic stem cells by a small molecular inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Differentiation 76:357–370
Guo L, Abrams RM, Babiarz JE, Cohen JD, Kameoka S, Sanders MJ, Chiao E, Kolaja KL (2011) Estimating the risk of drug-induced proarrhythmia using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 123:281–289
Haase A, Olmer R, Schwanke K, Wunderlich S, Merkert S, Hess C, Zweigerdt R, Gruh I, Meyer J, Wagner S, Maier LS, Han DW, Glage S, Miller K, Fischer P, Scholer HR, Martin U (2009) Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood. Cell Stem Cell 5:434–441
Hansen A, Eder A, Bonstrup M, Flato M, Mewe M, Schaaf S, Aksehirlioglu B, Schwoerer AP, Uebeler J, Eschenhagen T (2010) Development of a drug screening platform based on engineered heart tissue. Circ Res 107:35–44
Hattori F, Chen H, Yamashita H, Tohyama S, Satoh YS, Yuasa S, Li W, Yamakawa H, Tanaka T, Onitsuka T, Shimoji K, Ohno Y, Egashira T, Kaneda R, Murata M, Hidaka K, Morisaki T, Sasaki E, Suzuki T, Sano M, Makino S, Oikawa S, Fukuda K (2010) Nongenetic method for purifying stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Nat Methods 7:61–66
He JQ, Ma Y, Lee Y, Thomson JA, Kamp TJ (2003) Human embryonic stem cells develop into multiple types of cardiac myocytes: action potential characterization. Circ Res 93:32–39
Honda M, Kiyokawa J, Tabo M, Inoue T (2011) Electrophysiological characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Pharmacol Sci 117:149–159
Huber I, Itzhaki I, Caspi O, Arbel G, Tzukerman M, Gepstein A, Habib M, Yankelson L, Kehat I, Gepstein L (2007) Identification and selection of cardiomyocytes during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. FASEB J 21:2551–2563
Itzhaki I, Maizels L, Huber I, Zwi-Dantsis L, Caspi O, Winterstern A, Feldman O, Gepstein A, Arbel G, Hammerman H, Boulos M, Gepstein L (2011a) Modelling the long QT syndrome with induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 471:225–229
Itzhaki I, Rapoport S, Huber I, Mizrahi I, Zwi-Dantsis L, Arbel G, Schiller J, Gepstein L (2011b) Calcium handling in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 6:e18037
Kattman SJ, Koonce CH, Swanson BJ, Anson BD (2011a) Stem cells and their derivatives: a renaissance in cardiovascular translational research. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 4:66–72
Kattman SJ, Witty AD, Gagliardi M, Dubois NC, Niapour M, Hotta A, Ellis J, Keller G (2011b) Stage-specific optimization of activin/nodal and BMP signaling promotes cardiac differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell lines. Cell Stem Cell 8:228–240
Kawamura M, Miyagawa S, Miki K, Saito A, Fukushima S, Higuchi T, Kawamura T, Kuratani T, Daimon T, Shimizu T, Okano T, Sawa Y (2012) Feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets in a porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy model. Circulation 126:S29–S37
Kehat I, Kenyagin-Karsenti D, Snir M, Segev H, Amit M, Gepstein A, Livne E, Binah O, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Gepstein L (2001) Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 108:407–414
Kensah G, Gruh I, Viering J, Schumann H, Dahlmann J, Meyer H, Skvorc D, Bar A, Akhyari P, Heisterkamp A, Haverich A, Martin U (2011) A novel miniaturized multimodal bioreactor for continuous in situ assessment of bioartificial cardiac tissue during stimulation and maturation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 17:463–473
Kensah G, Roa Lara A, Dahlmann J, Zweigerdt R, Schwanke K, Hegermann J, Skvorc D, Gawol A, Azizian A, Wagner S, Maier LS, Krause A, Drager G, Ochs M, Haverich A, Gruh I, Martin U (2012) Murine and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac bodies form contractile myocardial tissue in vitro. Eur Heart J 34:1134–1146
Klug MG, Soonpaa MH, Koh GY, Field LJ (1996) Genetically selected cardiomyocytes from differentiating embryonic stem cells form stable intracardiac grafts. J Clin Invest 98:216–224
Lamers WH, Moorman AF (2002) Cardiac septation: a late contribution of the embryonic primary myocardium to heart morphogenesis. Circ Res 91:93–103
Lan F, Lee AS, Liang P, Sanchez-Freire V, Nguyen PK, Wang L, Han L, Yen M, Wang Y, Sun N, Abilez OJ, Hu S, Ebert AD, Navarrete EG, Simmons CS, Wheeler M, Pruitt B, Lewis R, Yamaguchi Y, Ashley EA, Bers DM, Robbins RC, Longaker MT, Wu JC (2013) Abnormal calcium handling properties underlie familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathology in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 12:101–113
Lesman A, Habib M, Caspi O, Gepstein A, Arbel G, Levenberg S, Gepstein L (2010) Transplantation of a tissue-engineered human vascularized cardiac muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 16:115–125
Lian X, Zhang J, Azarin SM, Zhu K, Hazeltine LB, Bao X, Hsiao C, Kamp TJ, Palecek SP (2013) Directed cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells by modulating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling under fully defined conditions. Nat Protoc 8:162–175
Lieu DK, Liu J, Siu CW, McNerney GP, Tse HF, Abu-Khalil A, Huser T, Li RA (2009) Absence of transverse tubules contributes to non-uniform Ca(2+) wavefronts in mouse and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Dev 18:1493–1500
Lund RJ, Narva E, Lahesmaa R (2012) Genetic and epigenetic stability of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Rev Genet 13:732–744
Lundy SD, Zhu WZ, Regnier M, Laflamme MA (2013) Structural and Functional Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 22:1991–2002
Mauritz C, Martens A, Rojas SV, Schnick T, Rathert C, Schecker N, Menke S, Glage S, Zweigerdt R, Haverich A, Martin U, Kutschka I (2011) Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived Flk-1 progenitor cells engraft, differentiate, and improve heart function in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 32:2634–2641
Mehta A, Chung YY, Ng A, Iskandar F, Atan S, Wei H, Dusting G, Sun W, Wong P, Shim W (2011) Pharmacological response of human cardiomyocytes derived from virus-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovasc Res 91:577–586
Miyata S, Minobe W, Bristow MR, Leinwand LA (2000) Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in the failing and nonfailing human heart. Circ Res 86:386–390
Moretti A, Bellin M, Jung CB, Thies TM, Takashima Y, Bernshausen A, Schiemann M, Fischer S, Moosmang S, Smith AG, Lam JT, Laugwitz KL (2010) Mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells as a source for multipotent Isl1+ cardiovascular progenitors. FASEB J 24:700–711
Mummery CL, van Achterberg TA, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ, van Haaster L, Willemse A, de Laat SW, Piersma AH (1991) Visceral-endoderm-like cell lines induce differentiation of murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Differentiation 46:51–60
Mummery C, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Doevendans P, Spijker R, van den Brink S, Hassink R, van der Heyden M, Opthof T, Pera M, de la Riviere AB, Passier R, Tertoolen L (2003) Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes: role of coculture with visceral endoderm-like cells. Circulation 107:2733–2740
Murry CE, Keller G (2008) Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development. Cell 132:661–680
Nadal-Ginard B, Mahdavi V (1989) Molecular basis of cardiac performance. Plasticity of the myocardium generated through protein isoform switches. J Clin Invest 84:1693–1700
Narolska NA, van Loon RB, Boontje NM, Zaremba R, Penas SE, Russell J, Spiegelenberg SR, Huybregts MA, Visser FC, de Jong JW, van der Velden J, Stienen GJ (2005) Myocardial contraction is 5-fold more economical in ventricular than in atrial human tissue. Cardiovasc Res 65:221–229
Nunes SS, Song H, Chiang CK, Radisic M (2011) Stem cell-based cardiac tissue engineering. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 4:592–602
Ptaszek LM, Mansour M, Ruskin JN, Chien KR (2012) Towards regenerative therapy for cardiac disease. Lancet 379:933–942
Ren Y, Lee MY, Schliffke S, Paavola J, Amos PJ, Ge X, Ye M, Zhu S, Senyei G, Lum L, Ehrlich BE, Qyang Y (2011) Small molecule Wnt inhibitors enhance the efficiency of BMP-4-directed cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 51:280–287
Reppel M, Pillekamp F, Brockmeier K, Matzkies M, Bekcioglu A, Lipke T, Nguemo F, Bonnemeier H, Hescheler J (2005) The electrocardiogram of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Electrocardiol 38:166–170
Rust W, Balakrishnan T, Zweigerdt R (2009) Cardiomyocyte enrichment from human embryonic stem cell cultures by selection of ALCAM surface expression. Regen Med 4:225–237
Shiba Y, Fernandes S, Zhu WZ, Filice D, Muskheli V, Kim J, Palpant NJ, Gantz J, Moyes KW, Reinecke H, Van Biber B, Dardas T, Mignone JL, Izawa A, Hanna R, Viswanathan M, Gold JD, Kotlikoff MI, Sarvazyan N, Kay MW, Murry CE, Laflamme MA (2012) Human ES-cell-derived cardiomyocytes electrically couple and suppress arrhythmias in injured hearts. Nature 489:322–325
Sizarov A, Ya J, de Boer BA, Lamers WH, Christoffels VM, Moorman AF (2011) Formation of the building plan of the human heart: morphogenesis, growth, and differentiation. Circulation 123:1125–1135
Small EM, Krieg PA (2004) Molecular regulation of cardiac chamber-specific gene expression. Trends Cardiovasc Med 14:13–18
Snir M, Kehat I, Gepstein A, Coleman R, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Livne E, Gepstein L (2003) Assessment of the ultrastructural and proliferative properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285:H2355–H2363
Srivastava D (2006) Making or breaking the heart: from lineage determination to morphogenesis. Cell 126:1037–1048
Takahashi T, Lord B, Schulze PC, Fryer RM, Sarang SS, Gullans SR, Lee RT (2003) Ascorbic acid enhances differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiac myocytes. Circulation 107:1912–1916
Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, Yamanaka S (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131:861–872
Templin C, Zweigerdt R, Schwanke K, Olmer R, Ghadri JR, Emmert MY, Muller E, Kuest SM, Cohrs S, Schibli R, Kronen P, Hilbe M, Reinisch A, Strunk D, Haverich A, Hoerstrup S, Luscher TF, Kaufmann PA, Landmesser U, Martin U (2012) Transplantation and tracking of human-induced pluripotent stem cells in a pig model of myocardial infarction: assessment of cell survival, engraftment, and distribution by hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography of sodium iodide symporter transgene expression. Circulation 126:430–439
Tohyama S, Hattori F, Sano M, Hishiki T, Nagahata Y, Matsuura T, Hashimoto H, Suzuki T, Yamashita H, Satoh Y, Egashira T, Seki T, Muraoka N, Yamakawa H, Ohgino Y, Tanaka T, Yoichi M, Yuasa S, Murata M, Suematsu M, Fukuda K (2013) Distinct metabolic flow enables large-scale purification of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 12:127–137
Tomescot A, Leschik J, Bellamy V, Dubois G, Messas E, Bruneval P, Desnos M, Hagege AA, Amit M, Itskovitz J, Menasche P, Puceat M (2007) Differentiation in vivo of cardiac committed human embryonic stem cells in postmyocardial infarcted rats. Stem Cells 25:2200–2205
Tulloch NL, Muskheli V, Razumova MV, Korte FS, Regnier M, Hauch KD, Pabon L, Reinecke H, Murry CE (2011) Growth of engineered human myocardium with mechanical loading and vascular coculture. Circ Res 109:47–59
Uosaki H, Fukushima H, Takeuchi A, Matsuoka S, Nakatsuji N, Yamanaka S, Yamashita JK (2011) Efficient and scalable purification of cardiomyocytes from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells by VCAM1 surface expression. PLoS One 6:e23657
Willems E, Spiering S, Davidovics H, Lanier M, Xia Z, Dawson M, Cashman J, Mercola M (2011) Small-molecule inhibitors of the Wnt pathway potently promote cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm. Circ Res 109:360–364
Wobus AM, Wallukat G, Hescheler J (1991) Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes expressing chronotropic responses to adrenergic and cholinergic agents and Ca2+ channel blockers. Differentiation 48:173–182
Xu C, Police S, Rao N, Carpenter MK (2002) Characterization and enrichment of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 91:501–508
Xu XQ, Graichen R, Soo SY, Balakrishnan T, Rahmat SN, Sieh S, Tham SC, Freund C, Moore J, Mummery C, Colman A, Zweigerdt R, Davidson BP (2008a) Chemically defined medium supporting cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Differentiation 76:958–970
Xu XQ, Zweigerdt R, Soo SY, Ngoh ZX, Tham SC, Wang ST, Graichen R, Davidson B, Colman A, Sun W (2008b) Highly enriched cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Cytotherapy 10:376–389
Xu XQ, Soo SY, Sun W, Zweigerdt R (2009) Global expression profile of highly enriched cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 27:2163–2174
Yoon BS, Yoo SJ, Lee JE, You S, Lee HT, Yoon HS (2006) Enhanced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes by combining hanging drop culture and 5-azacytidine treatment. Differentiation 74:149–159
Zhang J, Wilson GF, Soerens AG, Koonce CH, Yu J, Palecek SP, Thomson JA, Kamp TJ (2009) Functional cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Circ Res 104:e30–e41
Zimmermann WH, Melnychenko I, Wasmeier G, Didie M, Naito H, Nixdorff U, Hess A, Budinsky L, Brune K, Michaelis B, Dhein S, Schwoerer A, Ehmke H, Eschenhagen T (2006) Engineered heart tissue grafts improve systolic and diastolic function in infarcted rat hearts. Nat Med 12:452–458
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Olmer, R., Martin, U. (2014). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Cardiomyocytes. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 12. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8032-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8032-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8031-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8032-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)