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Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific pp 565–591Cite as

Coral Reef Conservation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Part of the Coral Reefs of the World book series (CORW,volume 8)

Abstract

This chapter reviews and evaluates coral reef conservation strategies along the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), a narrow biogeographic region on the Pacific American coast that extends from southern Baja California, Mexico to northern Peru, including several oceanic islands. The ETP is a natural laboratory, a model for understanding the development of coral biotopes in a changing environment. We evaluate conservation strategies in seven countries in the ETP region (Peru was not included for apparent lack of coral habitats). A survey of current Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) highlights great variation in the number, scale and management approaches. Generally, MPAs with no-take areas are relatively uncommon, with multi-purpose areas favored. The Cabo Pulmo MPA in Baja California, Mexico demonstrates that when a local community is involved in the creation and enforcement measures of an MPA, conservation success can be achieved. Despite such apparent successes, inadequate and confusing legal practices have generally forestalled effective protection of coral ecosystems in the ETP. However, in several instances nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have assisted with planning, negotiation and stakeholder engagement. Nonetheless these findings underscore how the establishment of an MPA does not guarantee that conservation goals will be achieved. This calls for a new approach that incorporates contributions from ecological studies along with a high investment in capacity development and training to ensure that the goals of MPAs better complement effective fisheries and ecosystem management within and outside their borders.

Keywords

  • No-take areas
  • Paper parks
  • Fisheries management
  • Seascape
  • Latin American reefs

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editors of this book for inviting us to participate in this project. We also appreciate the support of Ian Parker who reviewed the final draft, Wilfredo Fuentes and Carolina Canales who kindly prepared the map of El Salvador, and Lucas Sandino for providing valuable information on Nicaragua. CFG and JJH were supported by the Chilean Millennium Scientific Initiative, NC120030 Grant. We appreciate the comments made by P.W. Glynn, and two anonymous reviewers who enriched this work. We thank D. Moanga, M. Chavez, R. Romero-Chavez (SIGMAR-CIMAR), and V. Jiménez for their help in improving the figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060-1000, San José, Costa Rica

    Juan José Alvarado

  2. Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Octavio Aburto-Oropeza & Priscila Estrada

  3. Museo de Zoología QCAZ, Sección Invertebrados, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

    Rubén Abad

  4. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Col. y Calle Las Mercedes, San Salvador, El Salvador

    Enrique Barraza

  5. Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador

    Margarita Brandt

  6. Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 100, No 13-00, Cali, Colombia

    Jaime Cantera

  7. Departamento de Biología Marina, Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI) and Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile

    Carlos F. Gaymer

  8. Marine Program, Conservation International-Costa Rica, Los Yoses, 2365 2050, San Pedro, Costa Rica

    Ana Gloria Guzmán-Mora

  9. Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile

    James J. Herlan

  10. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Ancón, Panama

    Juan L. Maté

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  1. Juan José Alvarado
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Correspondence to Juan José Alvarado .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. RSMAS MBE, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

    Peter W. Glynn

  2. NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida, USA

    Derek P. Manzello

  3. RSMAS CIMAS - NOAA/AOML, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

    Ian C. Enochs

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Alvarado, J.J. et al. (2017). Coral Reef Conservation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. In: Glynn, P., Manzello, D., Enochs, I. (eds) Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7499-4_21

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