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Long Noncoding RNAs: Critical Regulators for Cell Lineage Commitment in the Central Nervous System

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Transcriptomics and Gene Regulation

Part of the book series: Translational Bioinformatics ((TRBIO,volume 9))

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Abstract

Less than 3 % of the human genome encodes protein sequences and the majority of transcribed sequences are noncoding. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to transcripts lacking in protein-coding potential and longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs are less conserved across species and expressed at a relatively lower level. The expression patterns of lncRNAs are more cell-type-specific than protein-coding genes. Currently, there are 8359 lncRNA genes annotated in Mouse GENCODE version M6 and 15,931 in Human GENCODE version 23. The number of lncRNA genes is still steadily increasing. Many lncRNAs have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes during various biological processes. Particularly, lnRNAs can function as regulators during development and cell differentiation. Herein, we discussed the regulated expression and the functions of lncRNAs, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we highlighted the importance of lnRNAs in the central nervous system, and their regulatory roles during neural cell-fate determination.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Eva Zsigmond for reading and editing our manuscript. JQW, XD, and NRM are supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01 NS088353 and R00 HL093213, the Staman Ogilvie Fund—Memorial Hermann Foundation, Mission Connect—a program of the TIRR Foundation, the Senator Lloyd & B. A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, UTHealth BRAIN Initiative and CTSA UL1 TR000371, and a grant from the University of Texas System Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Research Institute (Grant #362469).

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  1. The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xiaomin Dong, Naveen Reddy Muppani & Jiaqian Wu

  2. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Institution of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Xiaomin Dong, Naveen Reddy Muppani & Jiaqian Wu

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  1. Xiaomin Dong
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    Jiaqian Wu

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Dong, X., Muppani, N.R., Wu, J. (2016). Long Noncoding RNAs: Critical Regulators for Cell Lineage Commitment in the Central Nervous System. In: Wu, J. (eds) Transcriptomics and Gene Regulation . Translational Bioinformatics, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7450-5_3

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