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Interspecific Mycorrhizal Networks and Non-networking Hosts: Exploring the Ecology of the Host Genus Alnus

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Mycorrhizal Networks

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 224))

Abstract

While the dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in most temperate and tropical forests have low host specificity , a commonly cited exception to this pattern is the ECM fungal community associated with the host genus Alnus. In this chapter, we discuss multiple hypotheses that have been put forth to explain the specificity of the Alnus ECM symbiosis and consider their strengths and weaknesses in light of current research on the topic. In addition to reviewing the range of suggested explanations, we also propose and discuss a new alternative explanation of Alnus ECM specificity involving three-way interactions among Alnus plants, ECM fungi, and Frankia bacteria. With specific regard to common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), we believe they may play an important role in the specificity observed in the Alnus ECM system. To understand that role in the larger context of research on Alnus ECM fungal communities, we begin our chapter with a synopsis of the studies documenting the unique specificity pattern. From there, we discuss why it appears to be advantageous for Alnus plants not to participate in interspecific CMNs. Finally, we elaborate on how specificity may be established and maintained in the Alnus ECM system and suggest what we consider to be promising future research directions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank T. Horton, S. Trudell, and two anonymous reviewers for a number of constructive suggestions on previous drafts of this manuscript. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the intellectual encouragement of R. Molina, who pioneered much of the work on host specificity in the Alnus ECM system. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB #: 1020735 to PGK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Peter G. Kennedy

  2. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA

    Peter G. Kennedy

  3. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, 2753, NSW, Australia

    Jennifer K. M. Walker

  4. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Laura M. Bogar

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  1. Peter G. Kennedy
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  2. Jennifer K. M. Walker
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  3. Laura M. Bogar
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Correspondence to Peter G. Kennedy .

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  1. Dept. Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF Dept. Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Thomas R. Horton

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Kennedy, P.G., Walker, J.K.M., Bogar, L.M. (2015). Interspecific Mycorrhizal Networks and Non-networking Hosts: Exploring the Ecology of the Host Genus Alnus . In: Horton, T. (eds) Mycorrhizal Networks. Ecological Studies, vol 224. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_8

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