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Modeling Canopy Photosynthesis

  • Chapter
Canopy Photosynthesis: From Basics to Applications

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 42))

Summary

Canopy photosynthesis models (CPMs) calculate canopy photosynthetic rate as a sum of leaf photosynthetic rate. Here we focus on one-dimensional CPMs and show that simulated rates of canopy photosynthesis vary depending on whether multiple layers or a monolayer are considered and on whether direct and diffuse light sources are considered. We discuss how canopy photosynthetic rates vary depending on plant traits, which can differ within and among species; canopy photosynthetic rates are sensitive to leaf area index, light extinction coefficient, leaf photosynthetic capacity (photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency), and nitrogen allocation between leaves. CPMs can predict exchange rates not only for carbon but also for water and energy. The predicted rates are consistent with observations. Finally, we describe how CPMs have been utilized for vegetation and global studies.

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Abbreviations

A :

Photosynthetic rate

a l :

Albedo

a V :

Slope of V cmax-N relationship

BLM:

Big-leaf model

C i :

Intercellular CO2 partial pressure

c p :

Specific heat of air

CPM:

Canopy photosynthesis model

d :

Zero-plane displacement

E :

Evapotranspiration rate

e :

Vapor pressure

G :

Heat flux into thermal storage

g :

Conductance

GPP:

Gross primary production

H :

Sensible heat flux

I c :

Absorbed light per unit leaf area

IBP:

International Biological Programme

k :

Extinction coefficient

L :

Cumulative leaf area index

LUE :

Light use efficiency

l :

Monin-Obukhov length

LAI :

Leaf area index

m a :

and m e Molecular weights of air and water

MDDM:

Multi-layer model under direct-diffuse light

MSM:

Multi-layer model with simple light extinction

N :

Nitrogen content

NDVI :

Normalized difference vegetation index

NEE:

Net ecosystem CO2 exchange

NPP:

Net primary production

P :

Atmospheric pressure

PFD :

Photosynthetially active photon flux density

R :

Radiation

RE:

Ecosystem respiration

SS:

Sun-shade big-leaf model

T :

Temperature

u :

Wind velocity

V cmax :

Maximum rate of carboxylation

z :

Height

z 0H :

and z 0M Roughness lengths for heat and momentum

γ :

Psychrometric constant in Eq. 9.6

κ :

von Karman constant

ρ :

Density of air

λ :

Heat of vaporization

θ :

Convexity of photosynthetic curves

χ H :

and χ M Dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles

X dif :

X for diffuse light

X dir :

X for direct light

X sca :

X for scattering light

X sh :

X for shade leaf

X sca :

X for sunlit leaf

n :

Value of X at the top of the canopy

X t :

Value of X per ground area

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Acknowledgments

We thank Niels Anten for valuable comments. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Nos. 21114009 and 21114010), by KAKENHI (Nos. 20677001, 25291095, 20323503 and 25660113) and by CREST, JST, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Kouki Hikosaka

  2. CREST, JST, Tokyo, Japan

    Kouki Hikosaka

  3. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Tomo’omi Kumagai

  4. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Akihiko Ito

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  1. Kouki Hikosaka
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  2. Tomo’omi Kumagai
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  3. Akihiko Ito
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Correspondence to Kouki Hikosaka .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Kouki Hikosaka

  2. Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Agricultural and, Tartu, Estonia

    Ülo Niinemets

  3. Crop and Weed Ecology, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands

    Niels P.R. Anten

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Hikosaka, K., Kumagai, T., Ito, A. (2016). Modeling Canopy Photosynthesis. In: Hikosaka, K., Niinemets, Ü., Anten, N. (eds) Canopy Photosynthesis: From Basics to Applications. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 42. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7291-4_9

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