Abstract
The earth system consists of a large number of interacting components. The atmosphere for example is not only controlled by chemical and turbulent processes occurring in situ but also by fluxes of energy and a variety of chemical species between the atmosphere and the biosphere and hydrosphere. Global change is probably going to affect the extent and distribution of these processes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burkhardt J, Flechard C, Gresens F, Mattsson ME, Jongejan PAC, Erisman JW, Weidinger T, Meszaros R, Nemitz E, Sutton MA (2009) Modeling the dynamic chemical interactions of atmospheric ammonia and other trace gases with measured leaf surface wetness in a managed grassland canopy. Biogeosciences 6:67–84
Dorsey JR, Duyzer JH, Gallagher MW, Coe H, Pilegaard K, Weststrate JH, Jensen NO, Walton S (2004) Oxidized nitrogen and ozone interaction with forests. I: experimental observations and analysis of exchange with Douglas fir. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130:1941–1955
Duyzer JH, Dorsey JR, Gallagher MW, Pilegaard K, Walton S (2004) Oxidized nitrogen and ozone interaction with forests. II: Multi-layer process-oriented modelling results and a sensitivity study for Douglas fir. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130:1957–1971
Erisman JW, Wyers GP (1993) Continuous measurements of surface exchange of SO2 and NH3—implication for their possible interaction in the deposition process. Atmos Environ A Gen Top 27:1937–1949
Flechard CR, Fowler D, Sutton MA, Cape JN (1999) A dynamic chemical model of bi-directional ammonia exchange between semi-natural vegetation and the atmosphere. Q J R Meteorol Soc 125:2611–2641
Fowler D, Pilegaard K, Sutton MA, Ambus P, Raivonen M, Duyzer J, Simpson D, Fagerli H, Fuzzi S, Schjoerring JK, Granier C, Neftel A, Isaksen ISA, Laj P, Maione M, Monks PS, Burkhardt J, Daemmgen U, Neirynck J, Personne E, Wichink-Kruit R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Flechard C, Tuovinen JP, Coyle M, Gerosa G, Loubet B, Altimir N, Gruenhage L, Ammann C, Cieslik S, Paoletti E, Mikkelsen TN, Ro-Poulsen H, Cellier P, Cape JN, Horvath L, Loreto F, Niinemets Ü, Palmer PI, Rinne J, Misztal P, Nemitz E, Nilsson D, Pryor S, Gallagher MW, Vesala T, Skiba U, Brueggemann N, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Williams J, O’Dowd C, Facchini MC, de Leeuw G, Flossman A, Chaumerliac N, Erisman JW (2009) Atmospheric composition change: ecosystems-Atmosphere interactions. Atmos Environ 43:5193–5267
Fowler D, Smith RI, Muller JBA, Hayman G, Vincent KJ (2005) Changes in the atmospheric deposition of acidifying compounds in the UK between 1986 and 2001. Environ Pollut 137:15–25
Gessler A, Rienks M, Rennenberg H (2000) NH3 and NO2 fluxes between beech trees and the atmosphere—correlation with climatic and physiological parameters. New Phytol 147:539–560
Gessler A, Rienks M, Rennenberg H (2002) Stomatal uptake and cuticular adsorption contribute to dry deposition of NH3 and NO2 to needles of adult spruce (Picea abies) trees. New Phytol 156:179–194
Massman WJ (2004) Toward an ozone standard to protect vegetation based on effective dose: a review of deposition resistances and a possible metric. Atmos Environ 38:2323–2337
Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Mack G, Nielsen KH, Finnemann J, Mattsson M (2000) Physiological regulation of plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange. Plant Soil 221:95
Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Mattsson M (1998) Physiological parameters controlling plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange. Atmos Environ 32:491
Slinn WGN (1982) Prediction for particle deposition to vegetative canopies. Atmos Environ 16:1785–1794
Sutton MA, Schjoerring JK, Wyers GP (1995) Plant-atmosphere exchange of ammonia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A 351:261–278
Walmsley JL, Wesely ML (1996) Modification of coded parametrizations of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition. Atmos Environ 30:1181–1188
Wesely ML (1989) Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regioanla scale numerical models. Atmos Environ 23:1293–1304
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Éditions Quæ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Massad, R.S., Loubet, B. (2015). Introduction. In: Massad, RS., Loubet, B. (eds) Review and Integration of Biosphere-Atmosphere Modelling of Reactive Trace Gases and Volatile Aerosols. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7285-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7285-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-7284-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-7285-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)