Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1; HSV-2) (Genital herpes)

Abstract

Either serotype of herpes simplex virus may infect any mucosal or cutaneous site, producing painful red papules progressing to intraepithelial vesicles which rapidly ulcerate prior to gradual re-epithelialisation. However many infections are sub-clinical or not recognised as herpetic. HSV type 1 oral infection (gingivostomatitis) is often acquired in childhood, and latent virus is established in the trigeminal ganglion, from where it may reactivate and lead to recurrent muco-cutaneous lesions. Genital tract infection with HSV is mainly acquired after puberty by sexual contact, including oro-genital contact. Genital herpes as a primary (first-ever) HSV infection is more severe than a non-primary (initial genital) infection with HSV-2 in someone with previous HSV-1 as there is some cross-protection.