Abstract
By definition the philosophical treatment of knowledge is an integral part of the philosophy of Marxism-Leninism and one would expect, therefore, that every Soviet philosopher would say at least something on the specific nature of cognition and that, further, there would develop a special group of philosophers — to be called epistemologists — who would devote themselves in a special way to the elaboration of questions dealing with knowledge. That this has not been the case with Soviet philosophy — where the explicit philosophical treatment of knowledge dates from about 1950 and the formation of a group of epistemologists from about 1957 — is due in the main to the peculiar history of this philosophical doctrine as a whole.
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References
On this division of the history of Soviet philosophy into three periods, see J. M. Bocheríski: Der sowjetrussische dialektische Materialismus (Diamat). Bern. 1960. pp. 38–39 (henceforeward: Bochenski: Diamat) and, by the same author, Einführung in die sowjetische Philosophie der Gegenwart. Bonn. 1959. Paragraph 6.
Cf. G. A. Wetter: Dialectical Materialism. A Historical and Systematic Survey of Philosophy in the Soviet Union. London. 1958. pp. 154–166. (henceforeward: Wetter: Diamat).
V. I. Cerkesov claims otherwise in the historical introduction to his Materialist Dialectic as Logic and Theory of Knowledge (pp. 12–53) but he can be suspected of trying to prove a point and using a `Marxist’ interpretation of the earlier events in Soviet philosophy. The more objective account in René Ahlberg’s Dialektische Philosophie’ and Gesellschaft in der Sowjetunion (Berlin, 1960) rather supports our contention. An examination of A. M. Deborin’s earlier articles, reprinted in Philosophy and Politics (Moscow, 1961), shows that his major preoccupation from an epistemological point of view was continuing Lenin’s refutation of Bogdanov, Juskevié.
Cf. Bochenski: Diamat. pp. 40–42. With progress in research on Soviet philosophy it is becoming more and more evident that this period is not as quiet as was once thought. Nevertheless, it is completely lacking the dynamic development which characterizes the first and third periods.
Teorÿa otraffenija. Moskva-Leningrad. 1936.
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In Soviet epistemology - as in some other domains of contemporary Soviet philosophy, like theory of categories - there are indications that this third period should be divided into at least two subsections. The dividing point would be 1956 or 1957.
Marksistskij dialektléeskij metod. Moskva. 1947 (2nd ed. Moscow. 1951). Contributions to the discussion: A. Ja. Grekova VF 1948, 1, 301–305. G. F. Kir’janov VF 1947, 2, 374–375. L. A. Kogan VF 1948,1, 297–301. V. I. Sviderskij VF 1947, 2, 304–310. P. S. Trofimov VF 1948, 1, 293–296. P. T. Belov Bol’sevik 1948, 4.
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Oprirode fizfeeskogo znanija’. VF 1947, 2, 140–176. Contributions to the discussion: D. I. Bloxincev VF 1948, 1, 212–214. D. S. Danin VF 1948, 1, 217–222. I. K. Kursev and V. A. Mixajlov VF 1948, 1, 207–209. B. G. Kuznecov VF 1948, 1, 209–211. A. A. Maksimov VF 1948, 3, 105–124. S. A. Petrusevskij VF 1948, 1, 211–212. L. I. Storéak VF 1948, 1, 203–206. Ja. P. Terleckij VF 1948, 3, 228–231. S. I. Vavilov VF 1947, 2, 138–139. M. G. Veselov and M. V. Vo1’kenstejn VF 1948, 1, 215–216. See also a letter from some students in VF 1948, 1, 224 and the series of editorial comments in VF 1948, 1, 225–232; 1948, 2, 227; and 1948, 3, 231–235. For a survey of the whole problem, see Bochenski: Diamat,p. 74f. and Wetter: Diamat. p. 413f.
Cf. Wetter: Diamat. 149–154f.
Ibid. p. 478f.
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Cf. Wetter: Diamat. p. 196f.
Bochenski: Diamat. pp. 154–155. Wetter: Diamat. pp. 531–533f.
Voprosy dialektiéeskogo i istoriceskogo materializma v trude 1. V. Stalina “Marksizm i voprosy jazykoznanija”. Moskva. Vyp. 1, 1951. Vyp. 2, 1952. Among the adulatory articles commenting Stalin’s innovations, cf. M. D. Kammari VF 1950, 2, 9–30. A. S. Kova1’cuk VF 1950, 3, 371–379. V. K. Koziov VF 1953, 2, 150–157. D. Spasov VF 1951, 2, 182–184. B. I. Lozovskij VF 1951, 4, 232–238. G. A. Kursanov and S. I. Mixajlov VF 1953, 2, 225–229. M. A. Leonov VF 1952, 5, 115–131. N. S. Mansurov VF 1951, 5, 195–196. The editorial in VF 1951, 3, 3–13. A. P. Gagarin V MGU 1951, 9, 52. P. F. Judin VAN SSSR 1951, 7, 29. The editorial in Izv. AN SSSR 1950, 4, 322–359 and V MGU 1951, 7, 3. A. V. Topciev V AN SSSR 1950, 7, 8. The purely linguistic point of view was represented in books such as Protiv vul’garizacii i izvrascenija marksizma v jazykoznanii (Against Vulgarization and Distortion of Marxism in Linguistics). Moskva. 1951. (edited by V. V. Vinogradov and B. A. Serebrennikov).
K voprosu o stupenjax processa poznanija istiny’ (On the Steps in the Process of the Knowledge of Truth). VF 1954,5, 77–81, which directly attacked Rutkevic’s article cited in note 28.
In VF 1955, 1, 145–149.
Praktika - osnova poznanija i kriterij istiny. Moskva. 1952.
K voprosu o roli praktiki v processe poznanija’. VF 1954, 3, 34–45.
Since this was Podosetnik’s only recorded sortie on the question of practice, one is justified in supposing that the whole discussion was artificially provoked for some ulterior motive. This supposition is supported by the fact that Rutkeviè neither made and auto-critique nor was deposed.
Dialekticeskjj materializm o processe poznanija. Moskva. 1954.
Osnovy teorii poznanija. Moskva. 1959.
Data based on Bibliographie der sowjetischen Philosophie. 1 to 4. Dordrecht-Holland. 1959–1963.
Engel’s i estestvoznanie. Moskva. 1947.
K probleme aksiomatizacii logike. Tbilisi. 1947.
Logiceskie zakony myslenija. Lenizdat. 1947.
Iz istorii teorii poznanija. Erevan. 1957.
Myslenie i jazyk. Moskva. 1957.
Sovremennyj sub“ektivnyj idealizm. Moskva. 1957.
In `K voprosu o sootnosenii logiki i dialektiki’ (On the Relationship of Logic and Dialectic). VF 1950, 2, 198–209.
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Nekotorye voprosy teorii poznanija. Irkutsk. 1960.
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Voprosy teorii poznanija i logiki. Moskva. 1960.
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Dialektika kak logika. Kiev. 1961.
Dialektika i logika. Formy myilen ja. Moskva. 1962. and Dialektika i logika. Zakony rnyslenja. Moskva. 1962.
Materialisticeskaja dialektika kak logika i teorja poznanja. Moskva. 1962.
Marksistskaja logika kak dialektika i teorija poznanija. Erevan. 1963.
Edinstvo dialektiki, logiki i teorii poznanija. Moskva. 1963.
Voprosy teorii poznanija v proizvedenii V. I. Lenina “Materializm i empiriokriticizm”. Minsk. 1960.
Gnoseologie’eskoe soderzanie logMeskix form i metodov. Kiev. 1960.
Mirovozzrenceskoe i metodologiceskie problemy nauénoj abstrakcii. Moskva. 1960. (translated from the Polish).
Process myslenja i zakonomernosti analiza, sinteza i obobscenja. Moskva. 1960.
Praktika - kriterj istiny v nauke. Moskva. 1960.
Cf. T. J. Blakeley: Soviet Scholasticism. Dordrecht, Holland. 1961.
Marlcsistsk j dialekticesk j metod. Moskva. 1947. Razvitie V. I. Leninym marksistskoj teorii poznanija. Moskva. 1950. Voprosy dialektiki v “Kapitale” Marksa. Moskva. 1955. Principy dialektiéeskoj logiki. Moskva. 1960.
Poznavaemost’ mira i ego zakonomernostej. Moskva. 1955.
Problema sovpadenja dialektiki, logiki i teorii poznanija. Alma-Ata. 1962.
’K voprosu o sootnosenii logiki, dialektiki i teorii poznanija v ucenii I. Kanta’ (On the Relationship of Logic, Dialectic and Theory of Knowledge in the Doctrine of Kant). In Naucnye trudy. Alma-Ata 1960. ‘0 myslenii kak predmete logiki i psixologii’ (On Thought as the Object of Logic and Psychology). VF 1961, 7, 132–140. His dissertation, presented at the Institute of Philosophy in 1960, is entitled Razrabotka V. I. Leninym problem sovpadenja dialektiki, logiki i teorii poznanija v “Filosofskix tetradjax” (The Elaboration by Lenin of Problems of the Coincidence of Dialectic, Logic and Theory of Knowledge in the Philosophic Notebooks).
Cf. note 21.
Teor ja oscuscenij. Leningrad. 1961. Cf. particularly the introduction, pp. 3–12, and pp. 13–32.
Proisxoidenie soznania. Moskva. 1960.
Cf. the bibliography.
Istor ja logiki novogo vremeni. Moskva. 1960. Cf. his articles in the bibliography.
Voprosy abstrakcii i obrazovanie ponjatij. Moskva. 1961.
Dialektika abstraktnogo i konkretnogo v “Kapitale” Marksa. Moskva. 1960.
Cf. the bibliography.
E.g., Zinov’ev’s ‘O razrabotke dialektiki kak logiki’ (On the Elaboration of the Dialectic as a Logic). VF 1957, 4, 188–190. and Janovskaja’s `Problemy analiza ponjatij nauki i novejsij neopozitivizm’ (Problems of the Analysis of the Concepts SOVIET THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE of Science and Modern Neopositivism). VF 1961, 6, 47–53.
Recent contributions by Rutkevic include `Dialekticeskij xarakter kriterija praktiki’ (The Dialectical Character of the Criterion of Practice). VF 1959, 9, 43–52. and ‘Praktika kak kriterij istinnosti znanij’ (Practice as Criterion of the Truth-Value of Knowledge) in the sbornik cited in note 58.
Prakticeskaja priroda celoveceskogo poznanya. Moskva. 1962.
Cf. note 58.
Cf. T. J. Blakeley: Soviet Scholasticism. Dordrecht, Holland. 1961, and the list of Rozental“s books and articles in the bibliography.
The most recent being `O ponjatii naucnogo metoda’ (On the Concept of Scientific Method). V LGU 1962, 11, 72–82. and `Sootnosenie dialekticeskogo metoda s castnonaucnymi metodami’ (Relation of the Dialectical Method to the Methods of the Single Sciences). VF 1962, 6, 36–47.
Gipoteza i poznanie dejstvitel’nosti. Kiev. 1962.
For example, `Gipoteza kak forma razvitija nauki’ (The Hypothesis as a Form of the Development of Science). In Naucnye trudy. Tomsk. 1954, and `O xaraktere znanija, soderzascegosja v gipoteze’ (On the Chaiacter of Knowledge Contained in the Hypothesis). FN 1958, 2, 106–120.
Osnovnye voprosy teorii gipotezy. Moskva. 1961.
E.g., `O gipoteze v estestvoznanii’ (On the Hypothesis in Natural Science). VF 1962, 9, 154–164.
KlassifikacUa nauk. Moskva. 1961.
Predmet i vzaimosvjaz’ estestvennyx nauk. Moskva. 1962. This is the first volume of a projected ten-volume series, `Dialectical Materialism and Contemporary Natural Science’, under the joint auspices of the Institute of Philosophy and the Scientific Soviet for Philosophic Problems of Natural Science. The project is to be completed in seven or eight years.
Cf. his long series of articles in the bibliography.
Whose dissertation at the University of the Urals was entitled, Marksizmleninizm o edinstve jazyka i inyr`lenija (Marxism-Leninism on the Unity of Language and Thought).
Cf. VF 1955, 5, 43–56; 1957, 6, 59–61; 1959, 11, 128–140; 1962, 9, 112–120.
Sistema i metod filosofi Gegelja. Tbilisi. 1958.
Cf. note 33.
Cf. the bibliography.
Cf. W. F. Boeselager: `Recent Soviet Works on Neopositivism’. Studies in Soviet Thought III (1963) 230–242 and IV (1964) 81–84.
Metod analiza v sovremennoj burïuaznoj filosofii. Tbilisi. 1960.
Teorija poznanija ob 2ej semantiki. Erevan. 1959.
GnoseologUa sovremennogo pragmatizma. Moskva. 1958.
Sovremennyj pozitivizm. Moskva. 1961.
Cf. the bibliography.
Kant i kantianstvo. Moskva. 1961.
Cf. the bibliography.
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Blakeley, T.J. (1964). The Development of Soviet Theory of Knowledge and Its Main Representatives. In: Soviet Theory of Knowledge. Sovietica, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3036-5_1
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