Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 56))

Abstract

A combination of superior wood quality and high productivity has made Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga rnenziesii [Mirb.] Franco) one of the premier timber trees in the world. As such, it is grown as a plantation species in several countries in Europe, South America, New Zealand, and Australia, as well as throughout its extensive natural range in western North America. Decades of experience with the silviculture of young stands have demonstrated that practices such as planting, the use of genetically improved seedlings, precommercial and commercial thinning, and fertilization may dramatically increase the yield of industrial products over that of natural forests. Further, such silviculture is compatible with the production of desired amenities. Vigorous implementation of such practices wherever Douglas-fir is cultivated will increase the world’s timber resources, and be an effective strategy for reducing the pressure, occasioned by the world’s rapidly increasing population, to harvest the fragile tropical and boreal forests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, W.T. 1981. Population genetics and gene conservation in Pacific Northwest conifers, pp. 401–415. In: Scudder, G.G.E. and Reveal, J.L. (Eds) Evolution Today. Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous 1994. A brief history of Douglas-fir in New Zealand. N. Z. For. 39(1): 28–30. Arney, J.D. 1985. A modeling strategy for the growth projection of managed stands. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 511–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergel, D. 1986. Douglasien-Ertragstafel Puer Nordwestdeutschland. 1985. Allg. Forst. Jagdztg. 157 (3/4): 149–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernetti, G. 1965. Tavola cormometria della Pseudotsuga Douglasii dell’Appenino Toscano. Istituto di Assestamento Forestale della Universita Firenze. Richerche Sperimentali di Dendrometria e di Auxometria 4: 8–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnor, G.M. 1991. A growth and yield study of interior Douglas-fir in British Columbia, pp. 269–274. In: Baumgartner, D.M. and Lotan, J.E. (Eds) Interior Douglas-fir, the Species and Its Management. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchon, J. 1984. Importance des plantations de douglas et épicéa en France. Rev. For. Franc. 36 (4): 254–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, R.T., Christie, J.M. and Johnston, D.R. 1966. Forest Management Tables. Forestry Commission Booklet 16. H.M.S.O, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, H. and Weissleder, S. 1986. Nachkommenschaftspruefung von Douglasienbestaenden der DDR–ein Beitrag zur Nutzung eigner Reserven. Beitr. Forstwirtsch. 20 (4): 180–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, D. 1969. Potential Production in Thinned Douglas-fir Plantations. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Research Paper PNW-87. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantiani, M. 1965. Tavola alsometrica della Pseudotsuga Douglasii in Toscana. Istituto di Assestamento Forestale della Universita Firenze. Richerche Sperimentali di Dendrometria e di Auxometria 4: 32–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champs, J. de. 1997. Le Douglas en France, pp. 43–49. In: de Champs (Coord) Le Douglas. AFOCEL, Paris, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleary, B.D., Greaves, R.D. and Hermann, R.K. 1978. Regenerating Oregon’s Forests. Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R.O. 1967. A method of estimation of gross yield of Douglas-fir. For. Sci. Monogr. 13: 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R.O., Clendenen, G.W. and DeMars, D.J. 1981. A new stand simulator for coast Douglas-fir. DFSIM User’s Guide. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, General Technical Report PNW-128. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decourt, N. 1967. Le Douglas dans le Nord-est du Massif Central. Ann. Sci. For. 24 (1): 45–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deVries, S. M. G. 1990. Use and improvement of Douglas-fir in the Netherlands. Sec. 4.37. In: Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of Western Forest Genetics Association and IUFRO Working Parties 52.02–05, 06, 12, and 14. Weyerhaeuser Company, Centralia, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Kassaby, Y.A. and Namkoong, G. 1994. Impact of forest management practices on genetic diversity and its conservation, pp. 205–213. In: Drysdale, R.M., John, S.E.T. and Yapa, A.C. (Eds) Proceedings International Symposium on Genetic Conservation and Production of Tropical Forest Tree Seed. ASEAN-CANADA Forest Tree Seed Centre Project, Muak-Lek, Saraburi, Thailand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elena, R. 1993. Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid, Spain. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enescu, V. 1993. Romanian Institute of Forest Tree Improvement. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foerst, K. 1980. Standort, Wuchsleistung und Ernaehrungszustand aelterer bayerischer Bestaende der gruenen Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco, var. menziesii.) Mitteilungen der Bayrischen Staatsforstverwaltung No. 41. Bayerische Staatsforst Verwaltung, Munich, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gladstone, W.T. and Ledig, F.T. 1990. Reducing pressure on natural forests through high-yield forestry. For. Ecol. Manage. 35: 69–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, A.R. and Matheson, A.C. 1978. Early height growth of some provenances from the IUFRO Douglas-fir collection in nine Australian field trials, pp. 217–228. In: Sziklai, O. (Ed) Background Papers and Douglas-fir Provenances (volume II). Proceedings of the IUFRO Joint Meeting of Working Parties S2.02–05, 06, 12, 14. Information Service Branch, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, G.J. and Christie, J.M. 1971. Forest Management Tables (metric). Forestry Commission Booklet 34. H.M.S.O, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hapla, F. 1997. How to bring into accord the silvicultural management and the end-users’ interests in case of Douglas-fir. In: Zhang, S.Y, Gosselin, R. and Chauret, G. (Eds) Section V:3–8 Timber Management toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value. CTIA/IUFRO International Wood Quality Workshop Proceedings, Aug. 18–22, Quebec City, Canada. Forintek Canada Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester, A.S., Hann, W.D. and Larson. D.R. 1989. ORGANON: Southwest Oregon Growth and Yield Model User Manual. Forest Research Lab, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, G.E. 1989. Genetic effects of even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture, pp. 84–91, 216. In: Murphy, D. (Ed) Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop on Silviculture Challenges and Opportunities in the 1990s. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel, F.C. and Christie, J. 1953. Revised Yield Tables for Conifers in Great Britain. Forestry Commission Forest Record 24. Forestry Commission, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Instituto Forestal 1986. Especies forestales exbticas de interés econdmico para Chile, pp. 139145. In: Gerencia de Desarrollo, AF 86 /32. Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion, Santiago, Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanzow, H. 1937. Die Douglasie. Z. Forst. Jagdwes. 69: 65–93,113–139, 244–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlberg, S. 1961. Development and Yield of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia [Poir.] Britt.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) in Southern Scandinavia and on the Pacific Coast. Bulletin 34. Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenk, J. and Hradetzky, J. 1984. Behandlung und Wachstum der Douglasien in BadenWuerttemberg. Mitteilungen der Forstlichen Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt BadenWuerttemberg, Heft 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kipling, R. The elephant’s child, Stanza 1, pp. 249. In: Scribneajs, C. (Ed) The Works of Rudyard Kipling Vol. XX Just 80 Stories.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkland, A. 1969. Notes on the establishment and thinning of old crop Douglas-fir in Kaingaroa Forest. N. Z. J. For. 14 (1): 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinschmit, J. and Bastien, J.C. 1992. IUFRO’s role in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) tree improvement. Silvae Genetica 41 (3): 161–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledgard, N.J. and Belton, M.C. 1985. Exotic trees in the Canterbury high country. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 15 (3): 298–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libby, W.J. 1994. The role of production forestry in preventing tropical species extinctions. In: Nimbyism, Genetic Improvement, and Plantation Forestry: Growing Wood for the 21st Century. Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative, Post Falls, Idaho.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lines, R. 1987. Choice of Seed Origins for the Main Forest Species in Britain. Forestry Commission Bulletin 66. H.M.S.O., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke, G.M.L. 1987. Census of Woodlands and Trees 1979–1982. Forestry Commission Bulletin 63. H.M.S.O., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucia, E. 1984. Tillamook Burn Country: A Pictorial History. The Caxton Printers, Ltd, Caldwell, ID.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luis, J.F.S. 1989. Crescimento e competicao em povoamentos de Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco em Portugal. Ph.D. dissertation. Universidade de Tras-Os-Montes e Alto Duro, Vila Real, Portugal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, S.F. 1993. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, Lynby, Denmark. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, D.D. 1991. The Effects of Thinning on Stand and Tree Growth in a Young, High Site Douglas-fir Stand in Western Oregon. Ph.D. dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, J.D. 1983. The Role of Northwest American Trees in Western Europe. H. R. MacMillan Lectureship in Forestry. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattoon, W.R. 1936. Forest Trees and Forest Regions of the United States. USDA Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication 217. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyas, C. 1993. University of Sopron, Hungary. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArdle, R.E., Meyer, W.H. and Bruce, D. 1961. The Yield of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service Technical Bulletin 201. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, A.B. and Levy, E. 1988. Herbicide use in forestry: Communication and information gaps. J. Envirn. Manage. 26: 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, J.P. 1992. The place of nutrition in forest management, pp. 1–4. In: Chappell, H.N., Weetman, G.F. and Miller, R.E. (Eds) Forest fertilization: Sustaining and Improving Nutrition and Growth of Western Forests. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mejnartowicz, L. 1993. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Komik, Poland. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanson, A. 1993. Station de Recherches Forestieres, Gembloux, Belgium. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, A. 1993. A National Exotic Forest Description as of 1 April 1991. Ministry of Forests Report. Ministry of Forests, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, M. and Dost, F.N. 1984. Biological and Physical Effects of Forest Vegetation Management. Final Report. Submitted to Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nocentini, S. 1994. University of Florence, Italy. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin, C. 1983. Forest Consultant, Wadestown, Wellington, New Zealand. Letter of 21 April 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, C.D. 1994. Rebuilding biological diversity at the landscape level, pp. 95–115. In: Danielson, J. and Sampson, N. (Eds) Proceedings of the Conference on Forest Health and Fire Danger in Inland Western Forests. Harman Press, Spokane, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, H. and Pardé, J. 1984. Die Douglasie in Frankreich: Waldbau und Leistung. Allg. Forstztg. 39 (17/18): 438–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardé, J. 1956. Douglas et tables de production. Annales de l’Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts 150 ): 137–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardé, J. 1985. Die Douglasie in Ostfrankreich. Allg. Forstztg. 40(4): 62–64, 80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer, A. 1994. Forestry and Wildlife Service, Bray, Ireland. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, R.D., Kovalchik, B.L., Arno, S.F. and Presby, R.C. 1977: Forest Habitat Types of Montana. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ogden, Utah 84401, USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-34. U.S. Govt Printing, pp. 778–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Province of British Columbia 1992. British Columbia’s Forests: Monocultures or Mixed Forests? Ministry of Forests. Queen’s Printer for British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rannert, H. 1979. Ueber den Anbau fremdlaendischer Baumarten in Oesterreich. Centralbl. Gesamte. Forstwes. 96 (2): 86–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko, L.P. and Derzhnovskaya, M.A. 1985. Douglas-fir in the forests of the Carpathians. For. Abstr. 47: 3965, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schober, R. 1957. Neubearbeitung des Abschnittes Douglasie der Wiedemannschen Ertragstafel. M. and H. Schaper, Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staebler, G.R. 1955. Extending the Douglas-fir yield tables to include mortality, pp. 54–59. In: Proceedings 1954 Society of American Foresters Meeting. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. Stage, A.R., Renner, D.L. and Chapman, R.C. 1988. Selected Yield Tables for Plantations and Natural Stands in Inland Northwest Forests. Intermountain Research Station, USDA

    Google Scholar 

  • Forest Service, Research Paper INT-394. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, UT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavoda, P. 1993. Slovac Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia. Personal communication. The Seattle Times 1995. Hatfield would sell federal timber. For. Chron. 71 (2): 176.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Forest Service 1958. Timber Resources for America’s Future. Forest Resource Report Number 14. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Forest Service 1982. An Analysis of the Timber Situation in the United States 1952–2030. Forest Resources Report FRR-23. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Forest Service 1991. Pacific Northwest Region State and Private Forestry. Pacific Northwest Nursery Directory and Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Forest Service 1994. Pacific Northwest Region State and Private Forestry. Pacific Northwest Nursery Directory and Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Hooser, D.D., Wadell, K.L., Mills, J.R. and Tymcio, R.P. 1991. The interior Douglas-fir resource: Current status and projections to the year 2040, pp. 9–14. In: Baumgartner, D.M. and Lotan, J.E. (Eds) Interior Douglas-fir, the Species and Its Management. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vancura, K. 1991. Internal report. Zbraslav, Czech Republic: Czech Forest Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddell, K.L., Oswald, D.D. and Powell, D.S. 1989. Forest Statistics of the United States, 1987. Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-168. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wykoff, W.R., Crokston, N.R. and Stage, A.R. 1982. User’s Guide to the Stand Prognosis Model. Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-133. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Ogden, UT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yacubson, D. 1974. The problem of forest seeds in Argentina. IUFRO WP S2.01–06 Seed Problems, pp. 10. In: 1973 Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed Processing (volume 2), Paper 28. Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerle, H. 1952. Ertragszahlen fuer gruene Douglasie, Japaner Laerche und Roteiche in Wuerttemberg. Mitteilungen der Forstlichen Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt BadenWuerttemberg, Heft 113.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hermann, R.K., Lavender, D.P. (1999). Douglas-fir planted forests. In: Boyle, J.R., Winjum, J.K., Kavanagh, K., Jensen, E.C. (eds) Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies. Forestry Sciences, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5135-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2689-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics