Abstract
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) provides a variety of classifications of disorders arising in childhood. One of these is the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Developmental Coordination Disorder appears in infancy, childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a predominance of disturbances in the acquisition of motor skills. Such disturbances may be part of a more general delay in development or a failure in skill acquisition. A further restriction is that these deficiencies are not due to demonstrable physical or neurological disorders, a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Mental Retardation, or deficient educational opportunities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahonen, T. (1990). Developmental coordination disorders in children: A developmental neuropsychological follow-up study. Jyvaskyla: PhD Thesis, University of Jyvaskyla.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Deuel, R. K. (1992). Motor skill disorders. In S. R. Hooper, G. W. Hynd, and R. E. Mattison (Eds.), Developmental disorders: Diagnostic criteria and clinicalassessment (pp. 239–275 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Fox, A. M. and Polatajko, H. J. ( 1994, October). “The London Consensus” from Children and Clumsiness. International consensus meeting, London, Ontario, Canada.
Gallahue, D. L. (1993). Developmental physical education for today’s children. Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark.
Geuze, R. H. and Boerger, H. (1993). Children who are clumsy: Five years later. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 10(1), 10–21.
Gillberg, I. C. and Gillberg, C. (1989). Children with preschool minor neurodevelopmental disorders, IV: Behaviour and school achievement at age 13. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, 3–13.
Gillberg, I. C., Gillberg, C., and Groth, J. (1989). Children with pre-school minor neurodevelopmental disorders, V: Neurodevelopmental profiles at age 13. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, 14–25.
Hadders-Algra, M., Huisjes, H. J., and Touwen, B. C. L. (1988). Perinatal risk factors and minor neurological dysfunction: Significance for behaviour and school achievement at nine years. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, 482–491.
Hoare, D. and Larkin, D. (1989). Subtypes of dyspraxia in children. [Abstract]. In S. A. Dunlop and M. D. Grounds (Eds.), Transactions of the tenth annual neuroscience colloquium of Western Australia. Fremantle, W.A.
Hoare, D. (1994). Subtypes of Developmental Coordination Disorder. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 158–169.
Hulstijn, W. and Van Galen, G. P. (1988). Levels of motor programming in writing familiar and unfamiliar symbols. In A. M. Colley and J. R. Beech (Eds.), Cognition and action in skilled behaviour (pp. 65–85 ). Amsterdam: North Holland.
Knaap, M. S. van der, Valk, J., Bakker, C. J., Schooneveld, M., Faber, J. A. J., Willemse, J., and Gooskens, R. H. J. M. (1991). Myelination as an expression of the functional maturity of the brain. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 849–857.
Lazarus, J. A. C. and Todor, J. I. (1987). Age differences in the magnitude of associated movement. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, 726–733.
Losse, A., Henderson, S. E., Ellisman, D., Hall, D., Knight, E., and Jongemans, M. (1991). Clumsiness in children. Do they grow out of it: A ten year follow-up study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 55–68.
Portier, S. J., Van Galen, G. P., and Meulenbroek, R. G. J. (1990). Practice and the dynamics of handwriting performance: Evidence for a shift of motor programming load. Journal of Motor Behaviour, 22, 474–492.
Schoemaker, M. M., Schellekens, J. M. H., Kalverboer, A. F., and Kooistra, L. (1994). Pattern drawing by clumsy children: A problem of movement control. In M. L. Simner, W. Hulstijn, and P. L. Girouard (Eds.), Contemporary issues in forensic, developmental and neurological aspects of handwriting (Monograph of the Association of Forensic Document Examiners, Vol. 1 ) (pp. 43–64 ). Toronto: Association of Forensic Document Examiners.
Schomaker, L. R. B. and Van Galen, G. P. (in press). Computer modeling of handwriting. In T. Dijkstra and K. Desmedt (Eds.), Computational linguistics. Hamel Hampstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. (1995). Theory-based diagnosis of motor development and deficiencies using handwriting tasks. Thesis, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. and Schoemaker, M. M. (1994, June). Effects of physical therapy on psychomotor aspects of poor handwriting. Proceedings of The International Conference Improving The Quality Of Physical Therapy, Den Bosch, The Netherlands.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. and Schoemaker, M. M. (1995). Theory-based evaluation of the effects of physical therapy on the underlying psychomotor processing. Proceedings of World Confederation for Physical Therapy Congres 1995, Washington, DC.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Schoemaker, M. M. (1995). Effects of physical therapy on psychomotor features of poor handwriting. Proceedings of the Seventh Handwriting Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, London, Ontario, Canada.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Portier, S. J. (1994a). Psychomotor aspects of poor handwriting in children. In M. L. Simner, W. Hulstijn and P. L. Girouard (Eds.), Contemporary issues in forensic, developmental and neurological aspects of handwriting (Monograph of the Association of Forensic Document Examiners, Vol. 1 ) (pp. 17–44 ). Toronto: Association of Forensic Document Examiners.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van Galen, G. P., and Portier, S. J. (1994b). Psychomotor development of handwriting proficiency: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on developmental features of handwriting. In C. Faure, P. Keuss, G. Lorette, and A. Vinter (Eds.), Advances in handwriting and drawing. A multidisciplinary approach (pp. 187–205 ). Paris: Europia Press.
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Van de Lint-van de Poel, A., Van der Net, J. J., Van der Grient, M., Twigt, J., and Van Groeningen, A. P. M. (1994) Onderwijsleerplan kinderfysiotherapie. Tijdschrift Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fysiotherapie in de Kinder-en Jeugdgezondheidszorg, 10, 4–18.
Stott, D. H., Moyes, F. A., and Henderson, S.E. (1984). The Henderson Revision of the Test of Motor Impairment. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Van Galen, G. P. (1991). Handwriting: Issues for a psychomotor theory. Human Movement Science, 10, 165–191.
Van Galen, G. P. and Schomaker, L. R. B. (1992). Fitts’ law as a low-pass filter effect of muscle stiffness. Human Movement Science, 11, 11–22.
Van Galen, G. P., Portier, S. J., Smits- Engelsman, B. C. M., and Schomaker, L. R. B. (1993). Neuromotor noise and deviant movement strategies as an explanatory ground for poor handwriting in children. Acta Psychologica, 82, 161–178.
Van Galen, G. P., Smyth, M. M., Meulenbroek, R. G. J., and Hylkema, H. (1989). The role of short-term memory and the motor buffer in handwriting under visual and non-visual guidance. In R. Plamondon, C. Y. Suen, and M. L. Simner (Eds.), Computer recognition and human production of handwriting (pp. 253–272 ). Singapore: World Scientific.
Van Leeuwen, H. M. P. and Slot, H. M. (1991). De coordinatie-ontwikkelingsstoornis: Een nieuwe diagnostische categorie in de DSM-III-R. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 33, 592–606.
Van Mier, H., Hulstijn, W., and Petersen, S. E. (1991). Changes in motor planning during the acquisition of movement patterns in a continuous task. Acta Psychologica, 82, 291–312.
Wickstrom, R. L. (1983). Fundamental motor patterns. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M., Van Galen, G.P., Schoemaker, M.M. (1998). Theory-Based Diagnosis and Subclassification in the Developmental Coordination Disorder. In: Rispens, J., van Yperen, T.A., Yule, W. (eds) Perspectives on the Classification of Specific Developmental Disorders. Neuropsychology and Cognition, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2581-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2581-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4961-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2581-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive