Skip to main content

The Assessment of Myocardial Damage in Heart Transplantation

  • Chapter
  • 131 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 205))

Abstract

The central aim of cardiac surgery is to preserve myocardial function during the perioperative period whilst operating on the heart. Different strategies have evolved to protect the heart during an obligatory ischaemic insult which have resulted in safer surgery and acceptable myocardial function in the post-operative period [1]. It is likely that all cardiac operations cause some degree of cardiac injury but until the development of the newer markers of myocardial damage such as troponin-T, troponin-I and CK-MB isoforms, the assessment of injury was difficult to define [2]. With the use of these novel markers the assessment of pre, peri and post-operative injury has been more precise. These new markers of myocardial injury also allow comparisons of different strategies of myocardial protection [3,4]. In the field of cardiac transplantation there is the potential for myocardial damage in the donor organ prior to transplantation (pre-operative), during the “obligatory” ischaemic time between procurement and reperfusion in the recipient (peri-operative) and during the rejection process in the post-operative period. The role of newer markers of myocardial injury has been explored in each of these settings in patients undergoing transplantation at St. George’s Hospital and the results of these studies form the basis of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Jain U. Myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vase Anaesth 1992; 6: 612–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Birdi I., Angelini G. D., Bryan A. J. Biochemical markers of myocardial injury during cardiac operations. Ann.Thorac Surg 1997; 63: 897–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson J. R, Rosssein-Nia M., Kallis P., Pye M., Holt D.W., Murday A. and Treasure T. Comparison of two strategies for myocardial management during coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58: 768–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Etievent J-P., Choron S., Toubin, Taberlet C., Alwan K., C.ement F., Cordier A., Schipman N., Kantelip JP. Use of Cardiac Troponin I as a marker of peri-operative ischaemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 95: 1192–4.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Darracott- Cankovic S., Stovin P.G.I., Headlong D., Wallwork J., Wells F., English T.A.H. Effect of donor heart damage on survival after transplantation. Eur J Cardiothor Surg 1989; 3: 525–532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bittner H.B., Kendall S.W.H., Campbell K.A., Montine T.J., Van Trigt P. A valid experimental brain death organ donor model. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 308–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bittner H.B., Kendall S.W.H., Chen E.P., Davis R.D., Van Trigt P. Myocardial performance after graft preservation and subsequent cardiac transplantation from brain dead donors. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60: 4754.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Keck B.M., Bennett L.E, Fiol B.S., Daily O.P., Novick R.J., Hosenpund J. D., Worldwide thoracic organ transplantation: a report from the UNOS/ISHLT International Registry for Thoracic Organ Transplantation. Clin Transplant 1995; 60: 35–48.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Baldwin J.C, Anderson J.L., Boucek M.M., Bristow M.R., Jennings B., Ritsch M.E., Silverman N.A.. Task Force 2: Donor Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1992; 22: 15–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Potter C.D.O., Wheeldon D.R., Wallwork J. Functional assessment and management of heart donors: a rationale for characterization and a guide to therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 59–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Donnelly R., Hillis W.S., Cardiac Toponin T. Lancet 1993: 341 /8842: 410–411.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. de Begona J.A., Gundry S.R., Razzouk A.J., Boucek M.M., Kawauchi M., Bailey L.L.. Myosin Light Chain efflux after heart transplantation in infants and it correlation with ischaemic time. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 106: 458–462.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Katus H.A., Looser S., Hallermayer et al. Development and in vitro characterization of a new immunoassay of cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem 1992; 38: 386–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Adams J.E., Bodor G.S., Davilla V.G., et al. Cardiac troponin-I: a marker with a high specificity for cardiac injury. Circulation 1993; 88: 101–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bhayana V., Henderson A.R. Biochemical markers of myocardial damage. Clin Biochem 1995; 28: 1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Anderson J.R., Hossein-Nia M., Brown P., Holt D.W., Murday A. Donor cardiac troponin-T predicts subsequent inotrope requirements following cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 1994; 58: 1056–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Grant J.W., Canter C.E., Spray T.L., Landt Y., Saffitz J., Ladenson J., Jaffe A.S. Elevated donor cardiac troponin I. A marker of acute graft failure in infant heart recipients. Circulation 1994; 90: 2618–2621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Grant J.W., Canter C.E., Spray T.L., Landt Y., Saffitz J., Ladenson J., Jaffe A.S. Elevated donor cardiac troponin I. A marker of acute graft failure in infant heart recipients. Circulation 1994; 90: 2618–2621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Carrier M., Solymoss B.C., Cartier R., Lerclerc Y., Pelletier L.C. Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme as biochemical markers of ischaemia after heart preservation and transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13: 696–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Burt J.M., Larson D.F., Copeland J.G. Recovery of heart function following 24 hours preservation and ectopic transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1986; 5: 298–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stein D.G., Drinkwater D.C., Laks H., et al. Cardiac preservation in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation: a clinical trial comparing University of Winsconsin Solution and Stanford Solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: 657–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Seivers H.H., Leyh R., Jankhe A, Petty A., Kraatz E.G., Hermann G., Simon R., Bernhard A.. Bicaval versus atrial anastomoses in cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 108: 780–4.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hamm C.W., Katus H.A. New biochemical markers for myocardial cell injury. Curr Opin Cardioil 1995; 10: 335–9.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Puleo P.R., Guadagno P.A., Roberts R., et al. Sensitive rapid assay of subforms of creatine kinase MB in plasma. Clin Chem 1989; 35: 1452–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Carrier M., Tourigny A., Thoribe N., et al. effects of cold and warm blood cardioplegia assessed by myocardial pH and release of metabolic marker. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58: 764–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zimmerman R., Baki S., Dengler T.J., et al. Troponin T release after heart transplantataion. Br Heart J 1993; 69: 395–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ravkilde J, Horder M., Gerhardt W., et al. Diagnostic performance and prognostic value of serum trroponin T in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1993; 53: 667–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Katus H., Schoeppenthau M., Tanzeem A., et al. Non-invasive assessment of perioperative myocardial cell damage by circulating cardiac troponin T. Br Heart J 1991; 65: 259–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ballester M., Obrador D., Carrio I., et al. Indium 111-monoclonal antimyosin antibody studies after the first year after heart transplantation. Circulation 1990; 82: 2100–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Carrier M., Solymoss B.C., Cartier R., Lerclerc Y., Pelletier L.C. Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme as biochemical markers of ischaemia after heart preservation and transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13: 696–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Duquesnoy P., Demetris A.J. Immunopathology of cardiac transplant rejection. Current Opinion in Cardiology 1995; 10: 193–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ansari A.A., Sundstrom J.B., Kanter K., Mayne A., Villinger F., Gravinas M.B., Herskowitz A.. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of human cardiac myocyte injury after transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 102–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.E Billingham, N.R Cary, M. E Hammond. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart and lung rejection. Heart rejection study group. J Heart Transplant 1990; 9: 587–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Olivari M.T, Jessen M.E, Baldwin BJ, Horn VPH, Yancy CW, Ring WS, Rosenblatt RL. Triple drug immunosppression with steroid discontinuation by six moths after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 127–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nakhleh RE, Jones J, Goswitz JJ, Anderson EE, Titus J. Correlation of endomyocardial biopsy findings with autopsy findings in human cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992 11 (3 parti) 479–85.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yeoh T–K, Frist WH, Eastbum TE, Atkinson J. The clinical significance of mild rejection of the cardiac allograft. Circulation 1992;86[suppl II]: 11267–11–27121.

    Google Scholar 

  37. D, Torres F, Concha M, Valles F. Repetitive non-treated episodes of Grade 1B or 2 acute rejection impair long term cardiac graft function. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 452–460.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Bourge RC, White-Williams C, Caulfield JB, Tarkka MR, Holman WL, Zorn GI. Rejection after cardiac transplantation. A time related risk factor analysis. Circulation 1992;86(Suppl II): II236-II-241.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hosenpud JD. Noninvasive diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. Another of many searches for the holy grail. Circulation 1992; 85: 368–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ladowski JS, Sullivan M, Schatzlein MH, Peterson AC, Underhill DJ, Scheeringa RH. Cardiac isoenzymes following transplantation. Chest 1992; 102: 1520–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gash AK, Kayne FK, Morley D, Fitzpatrick JM, Alpern JB, Brozena SC. Serum myoglobin does not predict cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13: 451–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ballester M, Obrador D, Carrio I, Moya C, Auge JM, Bordes R, Marti V, Bosch I, Berna-Roqueta, Estorch M, Pons-Llado G, Camara JM, Aris A, Caralps JM. Early postoperative reduction of monoclonal antimyosin antibody uptake is associated with absent rejection-related complications after heart transplantation. Circulation 1992; 85: 61–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ratliff NB, Myles JL, McMahon JT et al. Myocyte injury in acute cardiac transplant rejection and in lymphocytic myocarditis is similar and reversible. Transplant Proc 1987; 19: 2568–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hook S, Caple JF, McMahon JT, Myles JL, Ratliff NB Comparison of myocardial cell injury in acute cellular rejection versus acute vascular rejection in cyclosporin-treated heart transplants. J Heart Transplant 1995; 14: 351–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Anderson JR, Hossein-Nia M, Brown P, Corbishley C, Murday A, Holt DW. Creatine kinase MB isoformsa potential predictor of acute cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 666–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Anguita M, Lopez-Rubio F, Arizon JM, Latre JM, Casares Lopez-Granados A, Mesa D, Gimenez D, Torres F, Concha M, Valles F. Repetitive non-treated episodes of Grade 1B or 2 acute rejection impair long term cardiac graft function. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 452–460.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Puleo PR, Perryman B. Noninvasive detection of reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction based on plasma activity of creatine kinase MB subforms. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 1047–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Katus HA, Remppis J, Scheffold D, Diederich KW, Keubler W. Intracellular corrpartmentation of cardiac troponinT and its release kinetics in patients with reperfused and non reperfused myocardium. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 1360–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Anderson, J.R. (1998). The Assessment of Myocardial Damage in Heart Transplantation. In: Kaski, J.C., Holt, D.W. (eds) Myocardial Damage. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 205. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2380-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2380-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5056-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2380-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics