Abstract
This paper deals with the determination of a three-dimensional air flow from a dual or multiple Doppler radar experiment.
One first presents some elements of the measurement theory for a Doppler radar, and recalls the physical interpretation of the main parameters measured: the radar reflectivity factor, the mean radial velocity and the velocity variance.
The principles of the 3D wind field determination from dual or multiple Doppler radar are then indicated. This is followed by a review of the three main problems that are met in practice and of the techniques employed to overcome them. These problems are: (i) the filtering, interpolation and differentiation of the raw radial velocity fields, (ii) the effect of temporal variation of the sample wind field during the time interval of a volume scan by the radars, (iii) the choice of the boundary condition when integrating the continuity equation.
Illustrative results obtained during the COPT 81 experiment are presented in the last section.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Van de Hu1st, H.C., 1957: Light scattering by small particles. New York, John Wiley and Sons. Inc., London, Chapman and Hall, Ltd. pp. 470.
Battan, L.J., 1973: Radar observation of the atmosphere. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 324.
Gunn, K.L.S., and East T.W.R., 1954: The microwave properties of precipitation particles. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 80, pp. 522–545.
Marshall, J.S., and Hitschfeld, W., 1953: Interpretation of the fluctuating echo from randomly distributed scatterers. Part I: Canadian J. Physics 31, pp. 962–994.
Waldvogel, A., 1974: The No jump of raindrop spectra. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, pp. 1067–1078.
Gunn, K.L.S., and Marshall, J.S., 1958: The distribution with size of aggregate snowflakes. J. Meteor. 15, pp. 452–461.
Federer, B., and Waldvogel, A., 1975: Hail and raindrop distributions from a Swiss multicell storm. J. Appl. Meteor. 14, pp. 91–97.
Marshall, J.S., and Palmer, W.M.K., 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor. 5, pp. 165–166.
Srivastava, R.C., 1978: Parametrization of raindrop size distributions. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, pp. 108–117.
Foote, G.B., and du Toit, P.S., 1969: Terminal velocity of raindrops aloft. J. Appl. Meteor. 8, pp. 249–253.
Denenberg, J.N., 1972: Uncertainties in coherent measurement of the mean frequency and variance ofththe Doppler spectrum from meteorological echoes. Preprints 15 Radar Meteorology Conf., Champaign-Urbana, Amer. Meteor. Soc., pp. 216–221.
Frisch, A.S., and Clifford, S.F., 1974: A study of convection capped by a stable layer using Doppler radar and acoustic echo sounders. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 1622–1628.
Frisch, A.S., and Strauch, R.G., 1976: Doppler radar measurements of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates in a Northeastern Colorado convective storm. J. Appl. Meteor. 15, pp. 1012–1017.
Armijo, L., 1969: A theory for the determination of wind and precipitation velocities with Doppler radars. J. Atmos. Sci. 26, pp. 570–573.
Lhermitte, R.M., and Miller, L.J., 1970: Doppler radar meteorology for the observation of convective storms. Preprints 14 Radar Meteorology Conf., Tucson, Amer. Met. Soc., pp. 133–138.
Ogura, Y., and Philipps, N.A., 1962: Scale analysis of deep and shallow convection in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 19, pp. 173–179.
Cressman, C.W., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Month. Weath. Rev. 87, pp. 367–374.
Sasaki, Y., 1970: Some basic formalisms in numerical variational analysis. Month. Weath. Rev. 98, pp. 899–910.
Wahba, G., and Wendelberger, J., 1980: Some new mathematical methods for variational objective analysis using splines and cross validation. Month. Weath. Rev. 108, pp. 1122–1143.
Ray, P.S., Ziegler, C.L., Bumgarner, W., Serafin, R.J., 1980: Single and multiple Doppler radar observations of tornadic storms. Month. Weath. Rev. 108, pp. 1607–1625.
Testud, J., and Chong, M., 1983: Three-dimensional wind field analysis from dual Doppler radar data. Part I: Filtering, Interpolating and Differentiating the raw data. To appear in J. Climate & Applied Meteor.
Polak, E., 1971: Computational methods and optimization: a unified approach. Mathem. Sci. and Eng., Vol. 77, Academic Press, New York, pp. 312.
Wilhelmson, R., 1974: The life cycle of a thunderstorm in three dimensions. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, pp. 1629–1651.
Schlesinger, R.E., 1980: A three-dimensional model of an isolated thunderstorm. Part II: Dynamics of updraft splitting and mesovortex coupled evolution. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, pp. 395–420.
Gal Chen, T., 1982: Errors in fixed and moving frames of references: Applications for conventional and Doppler radar analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2279–2300.
Chong, M., Testud, J., and Roux, F., 1983: Three-dimensional wind field analysis from dual Doppler radar data. Part II: Minimizing the error due to temporal variation. To appear in J. Climate & Applied Meteor.
Zrnic’, D.S., 1979: Estimation of spectral moments for weather echoes. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience Electronics, GE 17, 4, pp. 113–128.
Sirmans, D., and Bumgarner, B., 1975: Numerical comparison of five mean frequency estimations. J. Appl. Meteor. 14, pp. 991–1003.
Chong, M., and Testud, J., 1983: Three-dimensional wind field analysis from dual Doppler radar data. Part-III: The boundary condition: an optimum determination based on a variational concept. To appear in J. Climate & Applied Meteor.
Ray, P.S., Wagner, K.K., Johnson, K.C: W., Stephens, J.J., Bumgarner, W.C., and Mueller, E.A., 1978: Triple Doppler observations of a convective storm. J. Appl. Meteor. 17, pp. 1201–1212.
Doviak, R.J., Ray, P.S., Strauch, R.G., Miller, L.J., 1976: Error estimation in wind fields derived from dual Doppler radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteor. 15, pp. 868–878.
Ziegler, C.L., 1978: A dual Doppler variational objective analysis as applied to studies of convective storms. Master’s thesis, University of Oklahoma, pp. 115.
Sauvageot, H., 1980: Radar météorologie - Télédétection active de l’atmosphère, Editions Eyrolles, Paris, pp. 296.
Courant, R., and Hilbert, D., 1953: Methods of mathematical Physics, Chapter IV, Vol. 1 Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, pp. 561.
Achy, S., Isaka, H., Laroche, P., Pastre, C., Ramond, D., Sommeria, G., Testud, J., 1980: L’expérience COPT 81. Etude des précipitations, des phénomènes dynamiques et électriques associés à la convection profonde tropicale. Document COPT n° 1. Objectifs scientifiques. Available on request to CRPE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Testud, J. (1983). Three-Dimensional Wind Field Analysis from Doppler Radar Data. In: Lilly, D.K., Gal-Chen, T. (eds) Mesoscale Meteorology — Theories, Observations and Models. NATO ASI Series, vol 114. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2241-4_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2241-4_39
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8390-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2241-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive