Abstract
At least since Andrewartha and Birch (1954) ecologists have recognized that movement plays a crucial role in the dynamics of many populations. Movement is critical at an individual level in allowing animals to access heterogeneously distributed resources. At a population level, it is necessary for the establishment and re-establishment of local populations. Much of the development of our current conceptual framework of both metapopulation dynamics (Hanski, 1996) and the dynamics of other types of spatially-structured populations (Harrison, 1994) stems from this increased understanding of the importance of movement in animal population dynamics. At the same time, there has been an increasing recognition that scales of observation, experimentation and process are vital to understanding ecological principles and processes (Levin, 1992). As a result of that recognition, considerable effort has been expended conceptualizing and developing ideas about the process of movement and how it varies with scale. Unfortunately, empirical explorations of its importance to populations, and its relative importance at different spatial scales, have not kept pace with these theoretical studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Addicott, I.F., Aho, J.M., Antolin, M.F., Padilla, D.K., Richardson, J.S. & Soluk, D.A., 1987. Ecological neighbourhoods: scaling environmental patterns. Oikos 49: 340–346.
Andrén, H., 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71: 355–366.
Andrewartha, H.G. & Birch, L.C., 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Baars, M.A., 1979. Patterns of movement of radioactive carabid beetles. Oecologia 44: 125–140.
Bender, D.J., Contreras, T.A. & Fahrig, L., 1998. Habitat loss and population decline: a meta-analysis of the patch size effect. Ecology 79: 517–533.
Corbet, P.S., 1980. Biology of Odonata. Annual Review of Entomology 25: 189–217.
Dunning, J.B.; Danielson, J.B & Pulliam, H.R., 1992. Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes. Oikos 65: 169–175.
Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G., 1985. Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology 66: 1762–1768.
Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G., 1994. Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 8: 50–59.
Forman, R.T.T., 1995. Land Mosaics: the ecology of landscape and regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 632 pp.
Forsyth, A. & Montgomerie, R.D., 1987. Alternative reproductive tactics in the territorial damselfly Calopteryx maculata: sneaking by older males. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 21: 73–81.
Hanski, I., 1996. Metapopulation ecology. In: Rhodes, O.E., Chesser, R.K. & Smith, M.H. (Eds.), Population
Dynamics in Ecological Space and Time. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 388 pp.
Hanski, I.; Kuussaari, M. & Neiminen, M, 1994. Metapopulation structure and migration in the butterfly
Melitaea cinxia. Ecology 75:747–762.
Harrison, S., 1994. Metapopulations and conservation. In: Edwards; P.J., May, R.M. & Webb, N.R. (Eds.), Large-scale ecology and conservation biology. Blackwell, Oxford.
Henderson, M.T., Merriam, G. & Wegner, J., 1985. Patchy environments and species survival: Chipmunks in an agricultural mosaic. Biological Conservation 31: 95–105.
Henein, K. & Merriam, G., 1990. The elements of connectivity where corridor quality is variable. Landscape Ecology 4: 157–170.
Hjerman, D.O. & Ims, R.A., 1996. Landscape Ecology of the Wart Biter Decticus verrucivorus in a patchy landscape. Journal of Animal Ecology 65: 768–780.
Hof, J. & Flather, C.H., 1996. Accounting for connectivity and spatial correlation in the optimal placement of wildlife habitat. Ecological Modelling 88: 143–155.
Holling, C.S., 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62: 447–502.
Johnson, C., 1973. Ovarian development and age recognition in the damselfly, Argia moesta (Hagen, 1961) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Odonatologica 2: 69–81.
Jonsen, I.D. & Taylor, P.D., 1999. Fine-scale movement behaviors of Calopterygid Damselfliesare influenced by landscape structure: An experimental manipulation Oikos. (in press).
Kareiva, P. & Wennergren, U., 1995. Connecting landscape patterns to ecosystem and population processes. Nature 373: 299–302.
Keilt, T.H., Urban, D.L. & Milne, B.T., 1997. Detecting critical scales in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Ecology [online] 1(1): 4. URL: http://www.consecol.org/voll/issl/art4
Letkovitch, L.P. & Fahrig, L., 1985. Spatial characteristics of habitat patches and population survival. Ecological Modelling 30: 297–308.
Levin, S.A., 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73: 1943–1967.
Lima, S.L & Zollner, P.A., 1996. Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 3–6.
May, R.M., 1994. The effects of spatial scale on ecological questions and answers. In: Edwards; P.J., May, R.M. & Webb, N.R. (Eds.), Large-scale ecology and conservation biology. Blackwell, Oxford.
Merriam, H.G., 1984. Connectivity: a fundamental ecological characteristic of landscape pattern. In: Brandt, J. & Agger, P., (Eds.), Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning - Theme 1. International Association for Landscape Ecology, Roskilde University, Roskilde.
Merriam, G., 1991. Corridors and connectivity: animal populations in heterogeneous environments. In: Saunders, D.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (Eds.), Nature Conservation 2: The role of corridors. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton.
Pither, J. & Taylor, P.D., 1999. An experimental assessment of landscape connectivity. Oikos 83:166–174. Rankin, M.A. & Burchsted, J.C.A, 1992. The cost of migration in insects. Annual Review of Entomology 37: 533–559.
Roland, J. & Taylor, P.D., 1997. Insect parasitoid species respond to forest structure at different spatial scales. Nature 386: 710–713.
Schippers, P., Verboom, J., Knaapen, J.P. & van Apeldoorn, R.C., 1996. Dispersal and habitat connectivity in complex heterogeneous landscapes: an analysis with a GIS-based random walk model. Ecography 19: 97–106.
Schumaker, N.H., 1996. Using landscape indices to predict habitat connectivity. Ecology 77:1210–1225. Simberloff, D., Farr, J.A., Cox, J & Mehlman, D.W., 1992. Movement corridors: Conservation bargains of poor investments? Conservation Biology 6: 493–504.
Taylor, P.D., Fahrig, L., Henein, K. & Merriam, G., 1993. Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos 68: 571–573.
Taylor, P.D. & Merriam, G., 1995. Wing morphology of a forest damselfly is related to landscape structure. Oikos 73: 43–48.
Taylor, P.D., 1996. Habitat fragmentation and parasitism of a forest damselfly. Landscape Ecology 11:181–189. Waage, J.K., 1972. Longevity and mobility of adult Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois, 1805) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae). Odonatologica 1:155–162.
Wegner, J.F. & Merriam, G., 1990. Use of spatial elements in a farmlands mosaic by a woodland rodent. Biological Conservation 54: 263–276.
Wiens, J.A., Crist, T.O., With, K.A. & Milne, B.T., 1995. Fractal patterns of insect movement in microlandscape mosaics. Ecology 76: 663–666.
Wiens, J.A., Schooley, R.L. & Weeks, R.D. Jr., 1997. Patchy Landscapes and animals movements: do beetles percolate? Oikos 78: 257–264.
With, K.A. & Crist, T.O, 1996. Translating across scales: simulating species distributions as the aggregate response of individuals to heterogeneity. Ecological modelling 93: 125–137.
With, K.A., Gardner, R.H. & Turner, M.G., 1997. Landscape connectivity and population distributions in heterogeneous environments. Oikos 78: 151–169.
Zollner, P.A. & S.L. Lima., 1997. Landscape-level perceptual abilities in white-footed mice: perceptual range and the detection of forested habitat. Oikos 80: 51–60
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Taylor, P.D. (2000). Landscape Connectivity. In: Ekbom, B., Irwin, M.E., Robert, Y. (eds) Interchanges of Insects between Agricultural and Surrounding Landscapes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1913-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1913-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4027-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1913-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive