Abstract
In this chapter the processes of deformation and fracture that occur in metallic materials at elevated temperatures are presented. The nature of creep is described and laws introduced for characterizing the shape of the creep curve. The influence of microstructure, stress and temperature on the modes of deformation and failure are considered and the role of creep parameters in correlating and extrapolating creep data for design purposes discussed. Procedures are explained for dealing with variable stress and temperature conditions in terms of mechanical equations of state. Methods of applying equivalent stress criteria to complex stress loading situations are described. In addition, damage mechanics concepts are introduced for coping with progressive material deterioration. Finally, cumulative damage models are presented for describing creep—fatigue interaction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Webster, G.A. (1966) A widely applicable dislocation model for creep. Phil. Mag., 14, 775–783.
Dom, J.E. (ed.) (1961) Mechanical Behaviour of Materials at Elevated Temperatures, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Kennedy, A.J. (1962) Processes of Creep and Fatigue in Metals, Wiley, New York.
Garofalo, F. (1965) Fundamentals of Creep and Creep-Rupture in Metals, Macmillan, New York.
McLintock, F.A. and Argon, A.S. (1966) Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts.
Gemmill, M.G. (1966) The Technology and Properties of Ferrous Alloys for High Temperature Use,Newnes, London.
Gittus, J. (1975) Creep, Viscoelasticity and Creep Fracture in Solids, Applied Science, London.
Frost, H.J. and Ashby, M.F. (1982) Deformation-Mechanism Maps, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Riedel, H. (1987) Fracture at High Temperatures, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Cadek, J. (1988) Creep in Metallic Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Johnson, W.G. and Gilman, J.J. (1959) Dislocation velocities, dislocation densities and plastic flow in lithium fluoride crystals. J. App Phys, 30 (2), 129–144.
Haasen, P. (1964) III Dislocation mobility and generation, dislocation motion and plastic yield of crystals. Discuss. Faraday Soc., 38, 191–200.
Webster, G.A., Cox, A.P.D. and Dorn, J.E. (1969) A relationship between transient and steady-state creep at elevated temperatures. Met. Sei, J., 3, 221–225.
Evans, R.W. and Wilshire, B. (1985) Creep of Metals and Alloys, Institute of Metals, London.
Ashby, M.F., Gandhi, C. and Taplin, D.M.R. (1979) Fracture-mechanism maps and their construction for FCC metals and alloys. Acta Metall., 27, 699–729.
Gandhi, C and Ashby, M.F. (1979) Fracture-mechanism maps for materials which cleave: FCC, BCC and HCP metals and ceramics. ibid., 1565–1602.
Gittus, J. (1981) Cavities and Cracks in Creep and Fracture, Applied Science, London.
Monkman, F.C. and Grant, N.J. (1956) An empirical relationship between rupture life and minimum creep rate in creep-rupture tests. Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials, 56, 593–620.
Finnie, I. and Heller, W.R. (1959) Creep of Engineering Materials, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Lubahn, J.D. and Felgar, R.P. (1961) Plasticity and Creep of Metals, Wiley, New York.
Johnson, A.E., Henderson, J. and Khan, B. (1962) Complex Stress Creep, Relaxation and Fracture of Metallic Alloys, HMSO, London.
Odqvist, F.K.G. (1966) Mathematical Theory of Creep and Creep Rupture, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rabotnov, Yu N. (1969) Creep Problems in Structural Members, (ed. F.A. Leckie), North Holland, Amsterdam.
Penny, R.K. and Marriott, D.L. (1971) Design for Creep, McGraw-Hill, London.
Boyle, J.T. and Spence, J. (1983) Stress Analysis for Creep, Butterworths, London.
Williams, J.G. (1973) Stress Analysis of Polymers, Longman, London.
Cocks, A.C.F. and Ashby, M.F. (1980) Intergranular fracture during power-law creep under multiaxial stress. Met. Sci., 14, 395–402.
Smith, D.J. and Webster, G.A. (1985) Fracture mechanics interpretations of multiple-creep cracking using damage-mechanics concepts. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1, 366–372.
Kachanov, L.M. (1986) Introduction to Continuum Damage Mechanics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Rice, J.R. and Tracey, D.M. (1969) On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 17, 201–217.
Forrest, P.J. (1962) Fatigue of Metals, Addison-Wesley, Reading, USA.
Forsyth, P.J.E. (1969) The Physical Basis of Metal Fatigue, Elsevier, New York.
Fuchs, H.O. and Stephens, R.I. (1980) Metal Fatigue in Engineering, Wiley, New York.
Hertzberg, R.W. (1983) Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Wiley, New York.
Bressers, J. (ed.) (1981) Creep and Fatigue in High Temperature Alloys, Applied Science, Barking, UK.
Skelton, R.P. (ed.) (1983) Fatigue at High Temperature, Applied Science, London.
Skelton, R.P. (ed.) (1987) High Temperature Fatigue: Properties and Prediction, Elsevier Applied Science, London.
Coffin, L.F. (1973) Fatigue at high temperature, in Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures, ASTM STP 520, pp. 5–34.
Manson, S.S. (1973) A challenge to unify treatment of high temperature fatigue — a partisan proposal based on strain range partitioning in fatigue at elevated temperatures, in Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures, ASTM STP 520, pp. 744–775.
Viswanathan, R. (1989) Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components, ASM International, Metals Park Ohio.
Lemaitre, J. and Chaboche, J.L. (1990) Mechanics of Solid Materials, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Webster, G.A., Ainsworth, R.A. (1994). Processes of deformation and fracture at high temperatures. In: High Temperature Component Life Assessment. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1771-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1771-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4012-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1771-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive