Abstract
“Measurement is not an impersonal event that occurs with impartial universality,” says Niels Bohr in Michael Frayn’s Tony-award winning play Copenhagen. “It’s a human act, carried out from a specific point of view in time and space, from the one particular viewpoint of a possible observer.”1
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Notes
M. Frayn, Copenhagen (London: Methuen, 1998), 73.
N. Bohr, Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934), 54.
F. Wilczek, “What Did Bohr Do?” Science 255 (1992): 346. Cf. M. Beller, “The Rhetoric of Antirealism and the Copenhagen Spirit.” Philosophy of Science 63 (1996): 183–220.
P. A. Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity (Nijmegen: Nijhoff, 1965), 95–7, 133.
R. Crease, The Play of Nature (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), 140–1.
Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity, ix.
W. Heisenberg, “Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen,” Zeitschriftfür Physik, 33 (1925): 879–893.
See M. Beller, “The Rhetoric of Antirealism and the Copenhagen Spirit.” Philosophy of Science 63 (1996): 183–204 for a technical review, and R. Crease and C. Mann, The Second Creation: Makers of the Revolution in 20th Century Physics (New York: Macmillan, 1986. Repr. Rutgers Univ. Pr. 1996). Ch. 4 for a nontechnical review.
Heisenberg, “Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik.” Zeitschrift fir Physik, 43 (1927): 172–198.
Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity, 48.
Heelan, “Heisenberg and Radical Theoretical Change,” Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 6 (1975): 113–136, and following: 136.
Heelan, “Heisenberg and Radical Theoretical Change,” following 136.
Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity (Nijmegen: Nijhoff, 1965).
Ibid.
B.J.F. Lonergan, Method in Theology (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1972).
Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity, 166.
Ibid., 16.
Ibid., x; also 3–4.
Ibid., 30–1.
Heelan, Space-Perception and the Philosophy ofScience (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983); “The Scope of Hermeneutics in Natural Science,” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 29/2 (1998): 273–98; and [with Jay Schulkin], “Hermeneutical Philosophy and Pragmatism: A Philosophy of Science,” Synthese 115 (1998): 269–302.
Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity.
Ibid., 107.
Ibid., 109.
Ibid., xii.
Ibid., 184.
Ibid., 156.
Ibid., 141.
For example, Heelan, “Horizon, Objectivity and Reality in the Physical Sciences.” International Philosophical Quarterly 7 (1967): 375–412.
Heelan, “Quantum Logic and Classical Logic: Their Respective Roles,” Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science XII, 318–349; “Complementarity, Context-Dependence and Quantum Logic.” Foundations of Physics 1 (1970): 95–110.
Heelan, “Quantum Logic and Classical Logic,” 322; or, one might add, to the Riemannian geometry of vision; Heelan, Space-Perception and the Philosophy of Science (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).
Heelan, “Quantum Logic and Classical Logic,” 335.
Ibid., 341.
Heelan, Space-Perception and the Philosophy of Science (Berkeley: University of Califomia Press, 1983), 178–187.
“Why a Hermeneutical Philosophy of the Natural Sciences?” in R. Crease, ed., Hermeneutics and the Natural Sciences (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997), 13–40.
Ibid.
Heelan, “The Logic of Changing Classificatory Frameworks” in J. Wojcicchowski, ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on the Classification of Knowledge (Munich: Verlag Documentation, 1974) 260–274.
Heelan, “An Anti-epistemological or Ontological Interpretation of the Quantum Theory and Theories Like it,” in B. Babich, et al., eds., Continental and Postmodern Perspectives in the Philosophy of Science, (Aldershot/Brookfield, VT: Avebury Press, 1995), 55–68.
“Toward a New Analysis of the Pictorial Space of Vincent van Gogh.” Art Bull. 54 (1972): 478–492.
Heelan, Space-Perception and the Philosophy of Science, Ch. 5.
Heelan and Schulkin, “Hermeneutical Philosophy and Pragmatism: A Philosophy of Science.”
Crease, The Play of Nature.
Crease, Hermeneutics and the Natural Sciences, 262–3.
Heelan, Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity, x.
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Crease, R.P. (2002). Experimental Life: Heelan on Quantum Mechanics. In: Babich, B.E. (eds) Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh’s Eyes, and God. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, vol 225. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1767-0_3
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