Skip to main content

Hypersensitive Probing for Radicals in Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylations

  • Chapter
Book cover Free Radicals in Biology and Environment

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASHT,volume 27))

Abstract

The mechanism of alkane hydroxylation by rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes has been studied with hypersensitive radical probes, precursors to radicals that have lifetimes of only a few picoseconds. The results indicate that some of the previous evidence for a radical intermediate in the hydroxylation reaction arose from production of an unanticipated cationic species and that the hydroxylation occurs by a non-synchronous insertion process with a “radical” lifetime of only ca. 70 femtoseconds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mueller, E.J., Loida, P.J. and Sligar, S.G. (1995) Twenty-five Years of P450cam Research: Mechanistic Insights into Oxygenase Catalysis, in P.R. Ortiz de Montellano (ed.) Cytochrome P450 Structure, Mechanism and Biochemistry, Plenum: New York. 2nd Ed., p. 83–124.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Groves, J.T. and Han, Y.-Z. (1995) Models and Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 Action, in P.R. Ortiz de Montellano (ed.) Cytochrome P450 Structure, Mechanism and Biochemistry, Plenum: New York. 2nd Ed., p. 3–48.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hamilton, G.A. (1974) Chemical Models and Mechanisms for Oxygenases, in O. Hayaishi (ed.) Molecular Mechanisms of Oxygen Activation, Academic: New York. p. 405–451.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Groves, J.T., McClusky, G.A., White, R.E. and Coon, M.J. (1978) Aliphatic Hydroxylation by Highly Purified Liver Microsomal Cytochrome P-450. Evidence for a Carbon Radical Intermediate, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 81, 154–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Suckling, C.J. (1988) The Cyclopropyl Group in Studies of Enzyme Mechanism and Inhibition, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 27, 537–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. White, R.E., Groves, J.T. and McClusky, G.A. (1979) Electronic and Steric Factors in Regioselective Hydroxylation Catalyzed by Purified Cytochrome P450, Acta Biol. Med. Ger. 38, 475–489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Groves, J.T. and Subramanian, D.V. (1984) Hydroxylation by Cytochrome P-450 and Metalloporphyrin Models. Evidence for Allylic Rearrangement, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 2177–2181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ortiz de Montellano, P.R. and Stearns, R.A. (1987) Timing of the Radical Recombination Step in Cytochrome P-450 Catalysis with Ring-Strained Probes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3415–3420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jamieson, C., Walton, J.C. and Ingold, K.U. (1980) Radical Reactions of Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1366–1371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Griller, D. and Ingold, K.U. (1980) Free-Radical Clocks, Acc. Chem. Res. 13, 317–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Newcomb, M. (1993) Competition Methods and Scales for Alkyl Radical Reaction Kinetics, Tetrahedron 49, 1151–1176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bowry, V.W., Lusztyk, J. and Ingold, K.U. (1991) Calibration of a New Horology of Fast Radical Clocks. Ring-Opening Rates for Ring-alkyl-substituted and alpha-alkyl-substituted Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals and for the Bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-yl Radical, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5687–5698.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Newcomb, M., Manek, M.B. and Glenn, A.G. (1991) Ring Opening and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Trapping of the Bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-y1 Radical., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 949–958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Newcomb, M., Johnson, C.C., Manek, M.B. and Varick, T.R. (1992) Picosecond Radical Kinetics. Ring Openings of Phenyl Substituted Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 10915–10921.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Martin-Esker, A.A., Johnson, C.C., Homer, J.H. and Newcomb, M. (1994) Picosecond Radical Kinetics. Fast Ring Openings of Constrained, Aryl-Substituted Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 9174–9181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bowry, V.W. and Ingold, K.U. (1991) A Radical Clock Investigation of Microsomal Cytochrome P-450 Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons. Rate of Oxygen Rebound, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5699–5707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Atkinson, J.K. and Ingold, K.U. (1993) Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons: Variation in the Rate of Oxygen Rebound Using Cyclopropyl Radical Clocks Including Two New Ultrafast Probes, Biochemistry 32, 9209–9214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Atkinson, J.K., Hollenberg, P.F., Ingold, K.U., Johnson, C.C., Le Tadic, M.-H., Newcomb, M. and Putt, D.A. (1994) Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons: Kinetic Deuterium Isotope Effects for the Hydroxylation of an Ultrafast Radical Clock, Biochemistry 33, 10630–10637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Newcomb, M., Le Tadic, M.H., Putt, D.A. and Hollenberg, P.F. (1995) An Incredibly Fast Apparent Oxygen Rebound Rate Constant for Hydrocarbon Hydroxylation by Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 3312–3313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ruzicka, F., Huang, D.-S., Donnelly, M.I. and Frey, P.A. (1990) Methane Monooxygenase Catalyzed Oxygenation of 1,1-Dimethylcyclopropane. Evidence for Radical and Carbocationic Intermediates, Biochemistry 29, 1696–1700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Newcomb, M. and Chestney, D.L. (1994) A Hypersensitive Mechanistic Probe for Distinguishing Between Radical and Carbocation Intermediates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 9753–9754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Newcomb, M., Le Tadic-Biadatti, M.H., Chestney, D.L., Roberts, E.S. and Hollenberg, P.F. (1995) A Nonsynchronous Concerted Mechanism for Cytochrome P-450 Catalyzed Hydroxylation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 12085–12091.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Le Tadic-Biadatti, M.H. and Newcomb, M. (1996) Picosecond Radical Kinetics. Rate Constants for Ring Opening of (2-Alkoxy-3-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl Radicals, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 0000–0000.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Le Tadic-Biadatti, M.H., unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tachikawa, H., Hokari, N. and Yoshida, H. (1993) An Abinitio MO Study on Hydrogen Abstraction from Methanol by Methyl Radical, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 10035–10041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Choi, S.-Y., Eaton, P.E., Hollenberg, P.F., Liu, K.E., Lippard, S.J., Newcomb, M., Putt, D.A. and Upadhyaya, S.P. (1996) Regiochemical Variations in Reactions of Methylcubane with tert-Butoxyl Radical, Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes, and a Methane Monooxygenase System, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 0000–0000.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zaks, A. and Dodds, D.R. (1995) Chloroperoxidase-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidations: Substrate Specificity and Mechanistic Study, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 10419–10424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fu, H., Newcomb, M. and Wong, C.-H. (1991) Pseudomonas-Oleovorans Monooxygenase Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Ally’ Alcohol Derivatives and Hydroxylation of a Hypersensitive Radical Probe with the Radical Ring Opening Rate Exceeding the Oxygen Rebound Rate, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5878–5880.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Liu, K.E., Johnson, C.C., Newcomb, M. and Lippard, S.J. (1993) Radical Clock Substrate Probes and Kinetic Isotope Effect Studies of the Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons by Methane Monooxygenase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 939–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wilkinson, B., Liu, K.E., Valentine, A.M., Komar-Panacucci, S., Morimoto, H., Williams, P.G., Lippard, S.J., and Floss, H.G., unpublished results cited in footnote 24 of ref [26].

    Google Scholar 

  31. Newcomb, M., Simakov, P.A. and Park, S.U. (1996) Hypersensitive Radical Probe Studies of Gif Oxidations, Tetrahedron Lett. 37, 819–822.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Priestley, N.D., Floss, H.G., Froland, W.A., Lipscomb, J.D., Williams, P.G. and Morimoto, H. (1992) Cryptic Stereospecificity of Methane Monooxygenase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 7561–7562.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sears, T.J., Johnson, P.M., Jin, P. and Oatis, S. (1996) Infrared Laser Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of the Ethyl Radical, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 781–792.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Barton, D.H.R. and Doller, D. (1992) The Selective Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons. Gif Chemistry, Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 504–512.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hollis, R., Hughes, L., Bowry, V.W. and Ingold, K.U. (1992) Calibration of a Fast Benzylic Radical Clock Reaction, J. Org. Chem. 57, 4284–4287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Newcomb, M., Le Tadic-Biadatti, MH. (1997). Hypersensitive Probing for Radicals in Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylations. In: Minisci, F. (eds) Free Radicals in Biology and Environment. NATO ASI Series, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1607-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1607-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4831-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1607-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics