Abstract
The Netherlands is confronted with a deterioration of vegetations of wet and moist sites due to a lowering of the groundwater level, a diminished intensity of seepage, and the inlet of surface water of poor quality. This deterioration is called ‘drought damage’. Its recognition is now leading to a revision of the ideas on water use and water management.
In support of the Netherlands’ policy on surface water and groundwater management, a policy analysis was carried out. For this analysis, the hydro-ecological model DEMNAT (Dose-Effect Model for terrestrial NATure) was developed for predicting the ecological effects of changes in water management.
The model consists of three parts: a geographical database, dose-effect functions, and a nature valuation system. All three refer to ecosystems, which requires a classification.
Instead of developing one ecosystem classification specific for this case, we combined an existing classification of ecotopes with a specially developed classification of ecoseries. The ecotopes classification relates the species composition of the vegetation to operative site factors, such as acidity or moisture availability. The ecoseries classification relates these site factors to conditioning soil and groundwater characteristics, such as texture, organic matter content, and groundwater level. The ecoseries also determine the response of the operative site factors to changes in the local hydrology. The combination of ecotopes and ecoseries provided the ecosystem types for which the calculations were carried out. In mapping terms, an overlay of ecotopes on ecoseries was produced. For all relevant combinations of ecotopes on ecoseries, dose-effect functions were defined for a number of hydrological doses.
We present some results of the environmental impact assessment, carried out with DEMNAT for a number of groundwater extraction scenarios. We predicted the changes in nature value of 15 selected ecotope types for gridcells of 1 km2.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beugelink, G.P., F.A.M. Claessen and J.H.C. Mülschegel, 1992. Effecten op natuur van grondwaterwinning ten behoeve van Beleidsplan Drink-en Industriewatervoorziening en MER. (with english summary: Effects of groundwater extraction on nature for the National Policy Plan on Drinking and Industrial Water Supply and EIA). Special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 16, Bilthoven.
Beugelink, G.P., F.A.M. Claessen and J.H.C. Mülschegel, 1993. Calculating the effects of groundwater abstraction on natural vegetation. In: Annual report 1992. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven.
Braat L.C., A.R. Van Amstel, A.C. Garritsen, C.R. Van Gool, N. Gremmen, C.L.G. Groen, H.L.M. Rolf, J. Runhaar and J. Wiertz, 1989. Verdroging van Natuur en Landschap in Nederland. Ministerie V&W, Lelystad.
Canters, K.J., C.P. den Herder, A.A. de Veer, P.W.M. Veelenturf and R.W. de Waal, 1991. Landscape-ecological mapping of the Netherlands. Landscape Ecology 5 /3: 145 – 162.
Claessen, F.A.M. and J.P.M. Witte, 1991. National water management strategies for conservation and recovery of terrestrial ecosystems. In: O. Rayera, Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems: Pertubation and Recovery. Ellis Horwood Limited, New York etc. pp. 526 – 534.
De Waal, R.W., 1992. Landschapsecologische kartering van Nederland: Bodem en grondwatertrappen. LKN rapport nr.2, SC-DLO-rapport 132, Wageningen.
Klijn F., A. ter Harmsel and C.L.G. Groen, 1992. Ecoseries 2.0 Naar een ecoserieclassificatie ten behoeve van het ecohydrologisch voorspellingsmodel DEMNAT-2. (with english summary: Ecoseries classification for the hydro-ecological prediction model DEMNAT-2). CML report no. 85, Leiden/ Special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 5, Bilthoven.
Nienhuis J.G., J.B.S. Gan and R. Lieste, 1992. Het ecohydrologisch voorspellingsmodel DEMNAT-2, technische modelbeschrijving. Special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 2, Bilthoven.
Pakes, U., R.H. Van Waveren and F.A.M. Claessen, 1992. Berekening invloed systeemvreemd water met DEMGEN. (with english summary: Calculation of the influence of allochtonous water with DEMGEN). RIZA werkdocument 92-117X, Lelystad/ special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 8, Bilthoven.
Pastoors, M.J.H., 1992. Landelijk Grondwater Model (LGM); conceptuele modelbeschrijving. (with english summary: National Groundwater Model; conceptual model description). RIVM report no. 714305004/ special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 10, Bilthoven.
Pastoors, M.J.H., 1992a. Landelijk Grondwater Model (LGM); berekeningsresultaten. (with english summary: National Groundwater Model; results of calculations). RIVM report no. 714305005/ special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 12, Bilthoven.
Rolf, H.L.M., 1989. Verdroging van Natuur en Landschap in Nederland. Technisch rapport: Verlaging van de grondwaterstanden in Nederland, analyse periode 19501986. Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat.
Runhaar, J., C.L.G. Groen, R. Van der Meijden and R.A.M. Stevers, 1987. Een nieuwe indeling in ecologische groepen binnen de Nederlandse flora. Gorteria 13: 277 – 359.
Stevers, R.A.M., J. Runhaar, H.A. Udo de Haes and C.L.G. Groen, 1987. Het CMLecotopensysteem, een landelijke ecosysteemtypologie toegespitst op de vegetatie. Landschap 4 /2: 135 – 150.
Van Beusekom C.F., J.M.J. Farjon, F. Boekema, B. Lammers, J.G. de Molenaar, W.P.C. Zeeman, 1990. Handboek grondwater beheer voor Natuur, Bos en Landschap. SDU, The Hague.
Van der Linden, M., J. Runhaar and M. Van ‘t Zelfde, 1992. Effecten van ingrepen in de waterhuishouding op vegetaties van natte en vochtige standplaatsen. (with english summary: Effects of interventions in water management on vegetations of moist and wet sites). CML report no. 86, Leiden/ Special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 7, Bilthoven.
Witte, J.P.M., 1990. DEMNAT: aanzet tot een landelijk ecohydrologisch voorspellingsmodel. DBW/RIZA nota 90.057, Lelystad.
Witte, J.P.M., F. Klijn, F.A.M. Claessen, C.L.G. Groen and R. Van der Meijden, 1992a. A Model to Predict and Assess the Impacts of Hydrological Changes on Terrestrial Ecosystems, and its use on a Climate Scenario. Wetlands Ecology and Management 2, no. 1/2: 69 – 83.
Witte, J.P.M., C.L.G. Groen and J.G. Nienhuis, 1992b. Het ecohydrologisch voorspellingsmodel DEMNAT-2, conceptuele modelbeschrijving. CML report 89, Leiden/ RIVM report 714305007, Bilthoven.
Witte, J.P.M. and R. Van der Meijden, 1992. Verspreiding en natuurwaarden van ecotoopgroepen in Nederland. (with english summary: Distribution and nature value of ecotope groups in the Netherlands). Special series ‘Onderzoek Effecten Grondwaterwinning’ report no. 6, Bilthoven.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Claessen, F.A.M., Klijn, F., Witte, J.F.P.M., Nienhuis, J.G. (1994). Ecosystem classification and hydro-ecological modelling for national water management. In: Klijn, F. (eds) Ecosystem Classification for Environmental Management. Ecology & Environment, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1384-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1384-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4420-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1384-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive