Skip to main content

Plastics and the Environment

  • Chapter
Degradable Polymers

Abstract

Over the past half-century, synthetic plastics have become the major new materials for everything from replacements for human body parts to the construction of supersonic aircraft and spacecraft. Much of this growth has taken place at the expense of more traditional materials, such as steel, aluminum, paper and glass. Quite understandably, the industries associated with their manufacture have fought back through public relations campaigns intended to protect their own specific markets. Unfortunately, advertising agencies are not the most reliable sources of scientific information, and as a result, the public perception of the role of plastics in society is based more on what can only be described as “mythology” than on demonstrable facts. It is the purpose of this chapter to deal with a number of the misconceptions about plastics generally and about the role of degradable plastics in particular. The first of these will involve resource considerations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Guillet, J. E. (1973) in Polymers and Ecological Problems, (ed. J. E. Guillet), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Guillet, J. E. (1974) Plastics Engineering,August, 47–56.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Scott, G. and Gilead, D. (1995) Degradable Polymers, Chapman and Hall, London.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Commoner, B. (1972) “The environmental cost of economic growth”, Chemistry in Britain, 8 (2), 52–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tuskan, G. “Bioenergy Feedstock Program”, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831–6422.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J. and Behrens, W. W. III (1972) Limits to Growth, New American Library, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Makhijani, A. B. and Lichtenberg, A. J. (1971) “An assessment of energy and materials utilization in the USA”, Memorandum no. ERL-M310 (Revised), Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Boustead, I. and Hancock, G. F. (1981) Energy and Packaging, Ellis Horwood Publishers, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  9. West Germany Federal Office of the Environment (1988) Vergleich der Umweltauswirkungen von Polyethylene-und Papiertragetaschen, Umwelt Bundes Amt.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Guillet, J. E. (1990), “Photodegradable Plastics”, in Degradable Materials: Perspectives, Issues and Opportunities, (eds. S. A. Barenberg, J. L. Brash, R. Narayan and A. E. Redpath ), CRC Press, Boca Ratan, Florida, 55–97.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Heppenheimer, T. A. (1988) “Plastics makers clean up from litter”, High Technology Business, Aug. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Guillet, J. E. and Ainscough, A. N. “Studies of the accumulation of plastic litter by computer simulation”. Internal report available from the author.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Heskins, M. and Guillet, J. E. (1976) “Photodegradation, Controlled”, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Suppl. vol. 1, WileyInterscience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Guillet, J. E. and Norrish, R. G. W. (1954) Nature 173, 625–627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Guillet, J. E. and Norrish, R. G. W. (1955) Proc. Roy Soc. A. 233, 153–172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hartley, G. H. and Guillet, J. E. (1968) Macromolecules, 1, 165–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. U. S. Patents 3,753,952, 3,811,931, 3,853,814, and 3, 860, 538.

    Google Scholar 

  18. U. S. Patent 3, 878, 167.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Heskins, M., Reid, W. J., Pinchin, D. J. and Guillet, J. E. (1976) ACS Symp. Ser. No. 25, 272.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Alexandru, L. and Guillet, J. E. (1975) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 13, 483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Guillet, J. E., Treurnicht, I. and Li, R. S., US Patent 4, 833, 857.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Brubaker, M. M. (1950), US Patent 2,495,286 (to DuPont).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Statz, R. J. and Dors, M. C. (1987) “Photodegradable polyethylene”, Proceedings of Symposium on Degradable Plastics, SPI, Washington, D.C., June 10, 51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Li, S. K. L. and Guillet, J. E. (1980), J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 18, 2221 2238.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Harlan, G. M. and Nicholas, A. (1987) “Degradable ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer”, Proceedings of Symposium on Degradable Plastics, SPI, Washington, D. C. June 10, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kmiec, C. (1990) “Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer: The established degradable plastic”, RECYCLE ‘80, Forum and Exposition, Davos, Switzerland, May 29–31.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Barenberg, S. A., Brash, J. L., Narayan, R. and Redpath, A. E. (eds) (1990) Degradable Materials: Perspectives, Issues and Opportunities, CRC Press, Boca Ratan, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jansson, S. L. (1963) “Nitrogen transformation in soil organic matter”, in The Use of Isotopes in Soil Organic Matter Studies, Report of the FAO/IAEA Technical Meeting, 9–14 Sept., Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Guillet, J. E., Huber, H. X. and Scott, J. (1992) in Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics (eds M. Vert et al.), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 55–70.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jones, P. H., Prasad, D. and Heskins, M. (1974) Environ. Sci. Technol., 8, 929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Guillet, J. E., Regulski, T. W. and McAneney, T. B. (1974) Environ. Sci. Technol., 8, 923.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Spencer, L. R., Heskins, M. and Guillet, J. E. (1976) Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Symposium (eds J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan ), Applied Science Publishers, London.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Guillet, J. E. (1990) Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 63, 946.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Guillet, J. E., Huber, H. X. and Scott, J. A. (1995) J. Macromol. Sci., Pure Appl. Chem. A, 32, 823.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Smock, D. (1987) “Are shipboard plastics all washed up?”, Plastics World, Sept., 75–79

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ward, R. M. and Kelley, D. C. (1988), TAPPI J.,140–144.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guillet, J. (2002). Plastics and the Environment. In: Scott, G. (eds) Degradable Polymers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1217-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1217-0_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6091-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1217-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics