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Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza — an overview

  • Chapter
Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research

Part of the book series: Handbook of Vegetation Science ((HAVS,volume 19/2))

Abstract

Living organisms in the biosphere exhibit a number of interactions which either alter their environment and/or the size and composition of each other’s populations. Of these, perhaps the most striking relationship is ‘symbiosis’ in which the partners live in a state of physical and physiological equilibrium and derive benifit from each other. There exist a number of plant-fungus relationships which are beneficial to both. They are called mycorrhiza. These are of various types but this chapter will give emphasis on the Endomycorrhiza also referred to as Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM). Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) is one such association where fungal members of order Glomales colonize roots of higher plants. The fungal symbiont gets shelter and food from the plant which in turn aquires an array of benefits ranging from better uptake of phosphorus and relatively immobile micronurients like zinc and copper, increase in Nitrogen fixing capacity of leguminous plant species, salinity and drought tolerance, maintainence of water balance, increased rate of photosynthesis to overall increase in plant growth and development. Mycorrhizal plants show higher tolerance to high soil temperatures and various soil and root borne pathogens. In Eutrophic soil these plants can take up nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Seedlings which are colonized by these fungi perform better during transplantation. The mycorrhizal plants are also more tolerant towards heavy metal toxicity. A general lack of host-fungus specificity is evident by their widespread geographical distribution and also by the fact that almost eighty percent of the plant species show such association. A lot of work done in the past few decades has enabled these fungi to emerge as a potential biofertilizer; a cheap and environment friendly alternative to expensive, petroleum based chemical fertilizers. This aspect especially gains significance for a developing country like India where judicious and large scale utilization of this technology can prove very useful for getting maximum and long term gains in various wasteland reclamation, reforestation and afforestation programmes apart from giving a much needed thurst in the production of important agricultural crops on which the Economy of the country is dependent.

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    Deepti Srivastava, Rupam Kapoor, S. K. Srivastava & K. G. Mukerji

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Srivastava, D., Kapoor, R., Srivastava, S.K., Mukerji, K.G. (1996). Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza — an overview. In: Mukerji, K.G. (eds) Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research. Handbook of Vegetation Science, vol 19/2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_1

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