Abstract
“Climate, even under its natural development alone, varies continually. Each year, each decade, each century, each millennium, since long before any question of impact of human activity, has produced a somewhat different record” (Lamb 1984, p. 25). To this temporal variation we may add the spatial variation which complicates any attempt at synthesis in the course of a given period of time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexandre, P. (1987): Le climat en Europe au Moyen Age. Ed. Ecole des Haute Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, 827 pp.
Anior, R.W. and Eckstein, D. (1984): Dendroclimatological studies at the Northern timberline. In: Climatic changes on a yearly to millenial basis, ed. by N.A. Morner and W. Karlen. Reidel, Dordrecht, 273–279.
Berger, W.H. and Labeyrie, L.D. (eds.) (1987): Abrupt climatic change. Evidence and implications. Reidel, Dordrecht, 425 pp.
Briffa, K.R., Bartholin, T.S., Eckstein, D., Jones, P.D., Karlen, W., Schweingruber, F.H. and Zetterberg, P. (1990): A 1,400-year tree-ring record of summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. Nature, 346, 434–439.
Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D. and Schweingruber, F.H. (1988a): Summer temperature patterns over Europe: A reconstruction from 1750 A.D. based on maximum latewood density indices of conifers. Quarternary Research, 30, 36–52.
Briffa, K.R. Jones, P.D. and Schweingruber, F.H. (1988b): Reconstructing summer temperatures in Northern Fennoacandinavia back to A.D. 1700 using tree-ring data from scots pine. Arctic and Alpine Research, 20 (4), 385–394.
Briffa, K.R., Wigley, T.M.1., Jones, P.D., Pitcher, J.R. and Hughes, M.K. (1987): Patterns of tree-growth and related pressure variability in Europe. Dendrochronologia, 5, 35–58.
Brochier, J.E. (1983): Deux mille ans d’histoire du climat dans le midi de la France: Etude sédimentologique. Annales, 2, 425–438.
Cook, E.R. and Kairiukstis, L.A. (eds.) (1989): Methods of dendrochronology: Applications in the environmental sciences. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 247–258.
Eckstein, D. and Aniol, R.W. (1981): Dendroclimatological reconstruction of summer temper- ature for an alpine region. Mitt. Forstl. Bundesvers. Anst. Wien, No. 142, 391–398.
Feller, C., Medus, J., Paycheng, C. and Chavane, B. (1981): Etude pédologique et palynologique d’un site protohistorique de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal. In: Palaeoecology of Africa and the surrounding islands, ed. by J.A. Coetzee and E.M. Van Zinderen Bakker Sr. Balkema, Rotterdam, 235–248.
Förster, H. and Hutzen, H. (1983): 180/160 ratio of water in a local ecosystem as a basis ofclimate record. In: Palaeoclimates an palaeowaters: A collection of Environmental isotope studies. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 67–81.
Freyer, H.D. and Belacy, N. (1981): 13C/1 2C record in Northern hemispheric trees during the past millennium anthropogenic impact and climate superpositions. In: Analysis and interpretation of atmospheric CO 2 data. WMO/ICSU/UNEP Sci. Conf. Geneva, 209–215.
Fritts, H.C. (1976): Tree rings and climate. Academic Press, New York, 567 pp.
Grove, J.M. (1988): The Little Ice Age. Methuen, London, 498 pp.
Guiot, J. (1984): Deux méthodes d’utilisation de l’épaisseur des cernes ligneux pour la reconstitution de paramètres climatiques anciens, l’exemple de leur application dans le domaine alpin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 45, 347–368.
Guiot, J. (1988): The climate of Central Canada and South-Western Europe reconstructed by combining various types of proxy-data: A detailed analysis of the 1810–1820 period. In: The year without a summer? World Climate in 1816, ed. by C.R. Harrington. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, 291–308.
Guiot, J. (1989): Methods of calibration. In: Methods of dendrochronology: Applications in the environmental sciences, ed. by E.R. Cook and L.A. Kairiukstis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 165–178.
Guiot, J. (1990): Methodology of the last climatic cycle reconstruction in France from pollen data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 80, 49–69.
Guiot, J., Pons, A., de Beaulieu, J.L. and Reille, M. (1989): A 140,000-year climatic reconstruction from two Europian pollen records. Nature, 338, 309–313.
Jones, P.D. and Kelly, P.M. (1983): The spatial and temporal characteristics of Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations. Journal of Climatology, 3, 243–252.
Jones, P.D., Raper, S.C.B., Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Kelly, P.M. and Wigley, T.M.L. (1986): Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations, 1851–1984. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 25, 161–179.
Jones, P.D., Raper, S.C.B., Santer, B.D., Cherry, B.S.G., Goodess, C., Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Kelly, P.M. and Wigley, T.M.L. (1985): A grid point surface air temperature data set for the Northern Hemisphere, 1851–1984. DOE Tech. Rep. TRO22 ( US Department of Energy, Washington DC).
Kelly, P.M., Munro, M.A.R., Hughes, M.K. and Goodess, C.M. (1989): Climate and signature years in West European oaks. Nature, 340, 57–60.
Lamb, H.H. (1977): Climate: Present, past and future. Vol. 2, Climate, History and the Future. Methuen, London.
Lamb, H.H. (1984): Climate in the last thousand years: natural climatic fluctuations and change. In: The climate of Europe: Past, present and future, ed. by H. Flohn and R. Fantechi. Reidel, Dordrecht, 25–64.
Lamb, H.H. (1988): Weather, climate and human affairs. Routledge, London and New York, 364 pp.
Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A. (1989): Drought indicated in CARBON-13/CARBON-12 ratios of Southwestern tree rings. Weather Resources Bulletin, 25 (2), 341–347.
Le Roy Ladurie, E. (1967): Histoire du climat depuis l’an mil. Flammarion, France.
Libby, L.M. (1987): Evaluation of historic climate and prediction of near-future climate from stable-isotope variations in tree-rings. In: Climate, history, periodicity and predictability, ed. by M.R. Rampino, J.E. Sanders, W.S. Newman and L.K. Konigsson. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 81–89.
Lowe, J.J. and Walker, M.J.C. (eds.) (1984): Reconstructing Quarternary environments. Longman, London, 389 pp.
Manley, S. (1974): Central England temperature: monthly means 1659 to 1973. Quart. Jour. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 389–405.
Medus, J. (1991): Human consequences of an historical climatic change evidenced in Northern Cameroon by the pollenanalytical study of river terrace deposits. Personnal communication.
Nicholson, S.E. (1980): Saharan climate in historic times. In: The Sahara and the Niles, ed. by M.A.J. Williams and H. Faure. Balkema, Rotterdam, 173–200.
Oldfield, F. and Clark, R.L. (1990): Lake sediment-based studies of soil erosion. In: Soil erosion on agricultural land, ed. by J. Boardman, I.D.L. Foster and J.A. Dearing. John Wiley, 201–228.
Pfister, C. (1984): The potential of documentary data for the reconstruction of past climates. Early 16th to 19th Century. Switzerland as a case study. In: Climatic changes on a yearly to millenial basis, ed. by N.A. Morner and W. Karlen. Reidel, Dordrecht, 331–337.
Pfister, C. (1988): Une rétrospective météorologique de l’Europe. Un système de reconstitution de l’évolution du temps et du climat en Europe depuis le Moyen Age central. Histoire et Mesure, 3 (3), 313–358.
Pichard, G. (1988): Les météorologistes provençaux aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Provence Historique, Fasc., 153, 249–184.
Pilcher, J.R., Baillie, M.G.L., Schmidt, B. and Becker, B. (1984): A 7,272-year tree-ring chronology for Western Europe. Nature, 312, 150–152.
Pons, A. (1990): Analyse pollinique et reconstitution quantitative de climat. In: Leçons de
palynologie et d’analyse pollinique, ed. by M. Reille. Ed. C.N.R.S., Paris, 187–206.
Reille, M. (1990): Leçons de palynologie et d’analyse pollinique. Ed. C.N.R.S., Paris, 187–206. Richter, K. (1988): Dendrochronologische und Dendro-klimatologische Untersuchungen an
Kiefern (Pinus sp.) in Spanien. Ph.D. Dissertation, Hamburg, 296p.
Richter, K. and Eckstein, D. (1986): Estudio dendro-cronologico en Espana. Dendrochronologia, 4, 59–74.
Rotberg, R.I. and Rabb, T.K. (eds.) (1981): Climate and history. Studies in interdisciplinary history. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 280 pp.
Rothlisberger, F., Haas, P., Holzhauser, H., Keller, W., Bircher, W. and Renner, F. (1980): Holocene climatic fluctuation-Radiocarbon dating of fossil soils (fAh) and woods from moraines and glaciers in the Alps. Geographica Helvetica, 35 (5), 21–52.
Saurer, M. and Siegenthaler, U. (1989): 13C/12C isotope ratios in trees are sensitive to relative humidity. Dendrochronologia, 7, 9–13.
Schupp, M. (1961): Klimatologie der Schweiz. C: Lufttemperatur, 2, Teil Beih. Annalen Schw. Meteo. Zentral., Zürich, 15–62.
Schweingruber, F.H., Bartholin, T., Schar, E. and Briffa, K.R. (1988): Radiodensitometricdendroclimatological conifer chronologies from Lapland (Scandinavia) and the Alps (Switzerland). Boreas, 17, 559–566.
Schweingruber, F.H., Braker, O.U. and Schar, E. (1979): Dendroclimatic Studies on conifers from Central Europe and Great Britain. Boreas, 8, 427–452.
Schweingruber, F.H., Braker, O.U. and Schar, E. (1987): Temperature information from European dendro-climatological sampling network. Dendrochronologia, 5, 9–33. Serre-Bachet, F. (1988): La reconstruction climatique à partir de la dendroclimatologie. Publications de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie, 1, 225–233.
Serre-Bachet, F. and Guiot, J. (1987): Summer temperature changes from tree-rings in the mediterranean area during the last 800 years. In: Abrupt climatic change. Evidence and implications, ed. by W.H. Berger and L.D. Labeyrie. Reidel, Dordrecht, 89–97.
Serre-Bachet, F., Guiot, J. and Tessier, L. (1992): Dendroclimatic evidence from South-Western Europe and North-Western Africa. In: Climate since A.D. 1500, ed. by R.S. Bradley and P.D. Jones. Harper Collins, London, 349–365.
Serre-Bachet, F., Martinelli, N., Pignatelli, O., Guiot, J. and Tessier, L. (1991): Evolution des températures de Nord-Est de l’Italie depuis 1500 AD. Reconstruction d’après les cernes des arbres. Dendrochronologia, 9, 213–229.
Stahle, D.W., Cleaveland, M.K. and Hehr, J.G. (1988): North Carolina climate changes reconstructed from tree rings: A.D. 372 to 1985. Science, 240, 1517–1519.
Tessier, L., Couteaux, M. and Guiot, J. (1986): An attempt at an absolute dating of a sediment from the last glacial recurrence through correlations between pollenanalytical and tree-ring data Pollen et Spores, 28 (1), 61–76.
Till, C. and Guiot, J. (1990): Reconstruction of precipitation in Morocco since A.D. 1100 based on Cedrus atlantica tree-ring widths. Quarternary Research, 33, 337–351.
Webb, T. III (1981): The reconstruction of climatic sequences from botanical data In. Climate and history. Studies in interdisciplinary history, ed. by R.I. Rotberg and T.K. Rabb. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 169–192.
Yapp, C.J. and Epstein, S. (1982): Climatic significance of the hydrogen isotope ratios in tree cellulose. Nature, 297, 636–639.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Serre-Bachet, F. (1997). Approaches to Climatic Variations during the Historical Era: A Few Examples. In: Yoshino, M., Domrös, M., Douguédroit, A., Paszyński, J., Nkemdirim, L.C. (eds) Climates and Societies — A Climatological Perspective. The GeoJournal Library, vol 36. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1055-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1055-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4772-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1055-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive