Abstract
Under the effect of ethylene, there is a close parallel between increased latex production and the alkalinisation of laticiferous cytosol, which is parallel with activation of tonoplast ATPase and vacuole (lutoid) acidification. The alkalinisation of the cytosol by several tenths of a pH unit considerably enhances the activity of certain enzymes, including invertase, the key enzyme in glucidic catabolism. Ethylene increases the ATP content, the pool of adenine nucleotides and the myokinase balance shifts towards ATP synthesis. Increase in the proton motive force, related to that of the cytosol/vacuole pH gradient, enhances membrane transport including an H+/sucrose symport on laticiferous cell plasmalemma. The sink effect of the latificers for sucrose increases in proportion to over-production of latex. The polyribosome level in latex is increased and several enzymes are activated (post-translation or de novo synthesis?) Hevein transcripts analogous with certain agglutinins and heveamines with chitinase/lysozyme activity are more abundant after mechanical stress, addition of ABA or ethylene. Ethylene causes changes in calmodulin distribution between cytosol and organelles and an increase in protein phosphorylation. Repeated treatment with large amounts of Ethrel results in imbalance in latex between toxic oxygen production (O2·-, H2O2) and protective systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiols, etc.); this is followed by in situ coagulation of latex and degeneration of the laticiferous system. The laticiferous system in Hevea is totally dependent on ethylene stress and forms an ad hoc model for understanding the mechanisms of the action of ethylene.
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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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d’Auzac, J. et al. (1993). Stress Ethylene in Hevea Brasiliensis: Physiological, Cellular and Molecular Aspects. In: Pech, J.C., Latché, A., Balagué, C. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1003-9_47
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1003-9_47
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