Summary
Grape marc, comprising of grape pulp and grape pips, is generated in high quantities during ethanol production, but has no significant commercial value. The components of the grape marc, individually or in combination, can serve as substrate or support in solid state fermentation. The potential benefits of sieved fractions (800-3150 µm particle size) was, therefore, evaluated using Trichoderma viride, with or whithout enrichment. Based on sorption isotherm profiles, grape pulp showed the best performance, though its ability to promote biomass formation was the lowest. The latter could be improved by enrichment with glucose. It, thus, offers potential as a reusable support. Grape pips promoted high biomass, without any enrichment, but was low in water retention capacity. The performance of the mixture of grape pulp + grape pips (1:1, w/w) was in between that of the individual fractions. Data also indicated that the mycelial fragments frozen at -20°C up to 15 days can be used as an inoculum.
Resume
Le marc de raisin, dont sont issus la pulpe et les pépins, est un sous-produit de la vinification largement disponible en sortie de distillerie, mais sans grande valeur commerciale. Les constituants du marc, individuellement ou en mélange, peuvent être utilisés comme substrats ou supports en fermentation en milieu solide. Ainsi, en présence de Trichoderma viride, les aptitudes de fractions solides tamisées, aux dimensions comprises entre 800 et 3150 µm, ont été comparées avec et sans enrichissement. Sur la base des isothermes de sorption, la pulpe de raisin montre la plus grande rétention d’eau, bien que son aptitude à favoriser la formation de biomasse soit la plus faible. Cette dernière peut être améliorée par enrichissement en glucose. Ainsi, la pulpe se présente potentiellement comme un support réutilisable. Les pépins de raisins favorisent les plus fortes productions de biomasse, même sans enrichissement, mais ils ont les plus faibles capacités de rétention d’eau. Les performances du mélange pulpe + pépins (1:1, m/m) correspondent aux valeurs moyennes des fractions individuelles. Les résultats indiquent aussi que le mycélium conservé congelé à -20°C durant moins de 15 jours peut être utilisé comme inoculum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cochet, N., Tyagi, R., Ghose, T. and Lebeault, J.M. 1984. ATP measurement for cellulase production control. Biotechnol. Lett., 6: 9 – 16.
Debeaufort, F. 1994. Etude des transferts de matière au travers de films d’emballages. Thèse de Doctorat. Université de Bourgogne, France.
Delas, J. 1967. Utilisation des marcs de raisin comme amendement organique dans les sols de vignoble. Vignes et Vins, 164: 19 – 29.
Faure, D. and Deschamps, A.M. 1990. Physicochemical and microbiological aspects in composting of grape pulps. Biol.Wastes 34: 251 – 258.
Hassid, W.Z. and Neufeld, E.F. 1964. Determination of starch in plant tissues. In R.L. Whistler (Ed.), Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry-4. Acad. Press, New York, pp 33 – 36.
Hysert, D.W., Kovecses, F. and Morisson, N.M. 1976. A firefly bioluminescense ATP assay method for rapid detection and enumeration of brewery microorganisms. J. Am. Soc. Biochem. Chem., 34: 145 – 150.
ITEB. 1988. Les sous-produits en alimentation animale. Guide de l’utilisation. Institut Technique d’Elevage Bovin. Technipel, Paris.
Lonvaud-Funel, A. and Joyeux, A. 1982. Application de la bioluminescence au dénombrement des microorganismes vivants dans le vin. Connaissance Vigne Vin, 46: 1224 – 1226.
Lossin, R.D. 1970. Compost studies: degree of decomposition. Compost Sci., 11, 17 – 27.
Miller, G.L. 1959. Use of dinitrosalicilic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31: 426 – 429.
Mustin, M. 1987. Le compost: gestion de la matière organique. In F. Dubusc (Ed.), Librairie Cocagne, Paris.
Pirt, S.J. 1967. A kinetic study of the mode of growth of surface colonies of bacteria and fungi. J. Gen. Microbiol. 47: 181 – 187.
Serrano-Carreon, L., Hathout, Y., Bensoussan, M. and Belin, J.M. 1992. Lipid accumulation in Trichoderma species. FEMS Microbiol. Leu., 93: 181 – 188.
Serrano-Carreon, L., Hathout, Y., Bensoussan, M. and Belin, J.M. 1993. Metabolism of linoleic acid or mevalonate and 6-pentyl-a-pyrone biosynthesis by Trichoderma species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 2945 – 2950.
Suberkropp, K., Gessner, M.O. and Chauvet, E. 1993. Comparison of ATP and ergosterol as indicators of fungal biomass associated with decomposing leaves in streams. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 3367 – 3372.
Thierry, A. and Chicheportiche, R. 1988. Use of ATP bioluminescence measurement for the estimation of biomass during biological humification. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 28: 199 – 202.
Trinci, A.P.J. 1971. Influence of the width of the peripherical growth zone on the radial rate of fungal colonies on solid media. J. Gen. Microbiol. 67: 325 – 344.
Vaccarino, C., Lo Curto, R.B., Tripodo, M.M., Patane, R. and Ragno, A. 1992. Grape marc as a source of feedstuff after chamical treatments and fermentation with fungi. Bioresource Tech. 40: 35 – 41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bensoussan, M., Serrano-Carreon, L. (1997). Grape pulp, grape pips and their mixture: Novel substrates or supports for solid state fermentation. In: Roussos, S., Lonsane, B.K., Raimbault, M., Viniegra-Gonzalez, G. (eds) Advances in Solid State Fermentation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4904-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0661-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive