Abstract
Notion and history. Mathematical logic, also called ‘logistic’, ‘symbolic logic’, the ‘algebra of logic’, and, more recently, simply ‘formal logic’, is the set of logical theories elaborated in the course of the last century with the aid of an artificial notation and a rigorously deductive method. Leibniz (1646–1716) is generally recognized as the first mathematical logician; but it was George Boole (1815–1864) and Augustus De Morgan (1806–1878) who first presented systems in a form like those known today. Their work was taken up and furthered by C. S. Peirce (1839–1914), Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) and Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932), and then by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell in their monumental work, Principia Mathematica (1910–1913). Since then active schools of mathematical logic have arisen in numerous countries, especially in America, Germany, and Poland. Progress has been rapid and is still continuing.
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Bocheński, J.M. (1959). General Principles. In: A Precis of Mathematical Logic. Synthese Library, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0592-9_1
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