Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plecoptera (Perlaria: Stoneflies)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology

  • 288 Accesses

Abstract

Soft-bodied insects of moderate to rather large size with elongate, setaceous antennae. Mouthparts weak, of the biting type; mandibles normal or vestigial, ligula 4-lobed. Wings membranous, held flat over the back in repose, hind pair usually the larger, with well-developed anal lobes. Venation variable, often considerably specialized; vein M 2-branched. Tarsi 3-segmented. Abdomen usually terminated by long multi-articulate cerci; ovipositor wanting. Metamorphosis hemimetabolous; nymphs aquatic, campodeiform, with the antennae and usually the cerci elongate; tracheal gills, which are variable in position, commonly present.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature on the Plecoptera

  • ARVY, L. AND GABE, M. (1954), The intercerebralis-cardiacum-allatum system of some Plecoptera, Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 106, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • AUBERT, J. (1945), Le microptĂ©risme chez les PlĂ©coptères (PerlariĂ©s), Revue suisse Zool., 52, 395–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • AUBERT, J. (1964), Plecoptera, Insecta Helvetica, 1, 140 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRINCK, P. (1949), Studies on Swedish stoneflies, Opusc. ent., Suppl., II, 250 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRINCK, P. (1956), Reproductive system and mating in Plecoptera, Opusc. ent., 21, 57–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRINCK, P. (1970), Plecoptera, In: Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in Insects (Tuxen, S. L., ed.), pp. 50–55, Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHISHOLM, P. J. (1962), The anatomy in relation to feeding habits of Perla cephalotes Curtis (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and other Plecoptera, Trans. Soc. Br. Ent., 15, 55–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLAASSEN, P. W. (1931), Plecoptera Nymphs of North America,Thomas Say. Foundation, Springfield, 199 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLARK, R. L. (1934), The external morphology of Acroneura evoluta Klapâlek (Perlidae: Plecoptera), Ohio J. Sci., 34, 12I - 128.

    Google Scholar 

  • DEGRANGE, C. (1957), L’oeuf et le mode d’éclosion de quelques PlĂ©coptères, Tray. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscic. Grenoble, 48, 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • DESPAX, R. (1951), PlĂ©coptères, Faune de France, 55, 1–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • EGGERT, B. (1937), Die imaginalen Tracheenkiemen von Protonemura nitida Pict. (Plecopt.), Zool. Anz., 118, 113–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRISON, T. H. (1935), The stoneflies or Plecoptera of Illinois, Bull. Illinois nat. Hist. Surv., 20, 281–471.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRISON, T. H. (1942), Studies on North American Plecoptera with special reference to the fauna of Illinois, Bull. Illinois nat. Hist. Surv., 22, 235–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • GNATZY, W. AND RUPPRECHT, R. (1972), Die Bauchblase von Nemurella picteti Klapâlek (Insecta, Plecoptera), Z. Morph. Tiere, 73, 325–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • GRANDI, M. (1948), Contributi allo studio dei Plecotteri. I. Morfologia e miologia thoracica di Perla marginata Panz., Boll. 1st. Univ. Padua, 17, 130–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • GRANDI, M. (1950), Contributi allo studio dei Plecotteri. II. Morfologia comparata, Boll. Ist. Ent. Univ. Bologna, 18, 30–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • HANSON, J. F. (1946), Comparative morphology and taxonomy of the Capniidae, Am. Midl. Nat., 35, 193–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARPER, P. P. AND HYNES, H. B. N. (1970), Diapause in the nymphs of Canadian winter stoneflies, Ecology, 51, 925–927.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARPER, P. P. AND PILON, J.-G. (1970), Annual patterns of emergence of some Quebec stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera), Can. 3’. Zool., 48, 681–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOKE, G. (1924), The anatomy of the head and mouthparts of Plecoptera, J. Morph., 38, 347–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOLDSWORTH, R. P. (1941), The life-history and growth of Pteronarcys proteus Newman, Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 34, 495–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • HYNES, H. B. N. (1941), The taxonomy and ecology of the nymphs of British Plecoptera with notes on the adults and eggs, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 91, 459–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • HYNES, H. B. N. (1942), A study of the feeding of adult stoneflies (Plecoptera), Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (A), 17, 81–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • HYNES, H. B. N. (1967), A key to the adults and nymphs of British stoneflies (Plecoptera), Scient. Pubis Freshwat. biol. Ass., 17, I - 90.

    Google Scholar 

  • HYNES, H. B. N. (1976), Biology of the Plecoptera, A. Rev. Ent. 21, 135–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1955), Steinfliegen oder Plecopteren, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 43, 150 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1960a), Archiperlaria, eine neue Unterordnung der Plecopteren, Beitr. Ent., 10, 661–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1960b), Die erste auch im Larvenstadium terrestrische Plecoptere, Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges., 33, 161–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1962), Das abdominale Zentralnervensystem der Insekten und seine Bedeutung fĂĽr Phylogenie und Systematik der Plecopteren, Wanderversamml. dt. Ent., 9 (45), 139–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1965), Phylogeny and zoogeography of the Plecoptera, A. Rev. Ent., 10, 117–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1966), Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera, Tierreich, Lief. 82, 632 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. (1969), Revision der Plecopterenfamilie Austroperlidae, Ent. Tidskr., 90, 19–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • JEWETT, S. G. (1959), The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis Oregon State Monogr., 3, 95 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • JEWETT, S. G. (1960), The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of California, Bull. Calif. Ins. Survey, 6, 125–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • KAWAI, T. (1967), Plecoptera (Insecta), Fauna japon., 1967, 211 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • KULOO, s. G. (1968), Experimental studies on diapause in stoneflies. I-III, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (A), 43, 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • KIMMINS, D. E. (1951), A revision of the Australian and Tasmanian Gripopterygidae and Nemouridae (Plecoptera), Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 2, 45–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • KNIGHT, A. W., NEBEKER, A. V. AND GAUFIN, A. R. (1965), Descriptions of the eggs of common Plecoptera of western United States, Ent. News, 76, 233–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • KUHTREIBER, J. (1934), Die Plekopterenfauna Nordtirols, Ber. natures.-med. Ver. Innsbruck, 43, 1–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCLACHLAN, R. (1864), Note on the manner in which the females of the genus Leuctra carry their eggs, Entomologist’s monthly Mag., I, 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • MILLER, A. (1939), The egg and early development of the stonefly, Pteronarcys proteus Newman (Plecoptera), J. Morph., 64, 555–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOULINS, M. (1968), Contribution Ă  la connaissance anatomique des PlĂ©coptères: la rĂ©gion cĂ©phalique de la larve de Nemoura cinerea (Nemouridae), Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (N.S.), 4, 91–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEEDHAM, J. G. AND CLAASSEN, P. W. (1925), A Monograph of the Plecoptera or Stoneflies of America north of Mexico, Thomas Say Foundation, Lafayette, 397 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • NELSON, C. H. AND HANSON, J. F. (1969), The external anatomy of Pteronarcys (Allonarcys) proteus Newman and Pteronarcys (Allonarcys) biloba Newman (Plecoptera: Pteronarcidae), Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 94, 429–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • NELSON, C. H. AND HANSON, J. F. (1971), Contribution to the anatomy and phylogeny of the family Pteronarcidae (Plecoptera), Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 97, 123–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • RICHARDSON, J. W. AND GAUFIN, A. R. (1971), Food habits of some Western stonefly nymphs, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., 97, 91 - I21.

    Google Scholar 

  • RICKER, W. E. (1943), Stoneflies of southwestern British Columbia, Indiana Univ. Publ. Sci. Ser., 12, 145 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • RICKER, W. E. (1950), Some evolutionary trends in Plecoptera, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 59, 197–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • RICKER, W. E. (1952), Systematic studies in Plecoptera, Indiana Univ. Pub. Sci. Ser., 18, 1–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • ROSS, H. H. AND RICKER, W. E. (1971), The classifiation, evolution and dispersal of the winter stonefly genus Allocapnia, Illinois biol. Monogr., 45, 166 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • RUPPRECHT, R. (1968), Das Trommeln der Plecopteren, Z. vergl. Physiol., 59, 38–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAMAL, J. (1923), Étude morphologique et biologique de Perla abdominalis Burm. (PlĂ©coptère), Annls Biol. lacustr., 12, 229–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHOENEMUND, E. (1912), Zur Biologie und Morphologie einiger Per/a-Arten, Zool. 3’b. (Anat.), 34, 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHWARZ, P. (1970), Autökologische Untersuchungen zum Lebenszyklus von Setipalpia-Arten (Plecoptera), Arch. Hydrobiol., 67, 103–140

    Google Scholar 

  • SHAROV, A. G. (1961), The origin of the order.Plecoptera, Verh. XI. int. Kongr. Ent., I, 296–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • SNODGRASS, R. E. (1935), Principles of Insect Morphology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 667 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEINMANN, H. (1968), AlkĂ©rĂ©szek - Plecoptera, Faun. Hung. Entom., 92 (8), 1185.

    Google Scholar 

  • TILLYARD, R. J. (1921), A new classification of the order Perlaria, Can. Ent., 53, 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • TILLYARD, R. J. (1928), Kansas Permian insects. Part 11. Order Protoperlaria: family Lemmatophoridae (continued), Am. J. Sci., 16, 313–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • UENO, M. (1938) Scopuridae, an aberrant family of the order Plecoptera, Insecta matsum., 12, 154–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • WITTIG, G. (1955), Untersuchungen am Thorax von Perla abdominalis Burm. (Larve und Imago), Zool. 3b. (Anat.), 74, 491–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • wu, C. F. (1923), Morphology, anatomy and ethology of Nemoura, Bull. Lloyd Library, Ent. Ser. 3, 81 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZWICK, P. (1973), Insecta: Plecoptera. Phylogenetisches System und Katalog, Das Tierreich, Lfg. 94, 465 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College, University of London, UK

    O. W. Richards M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Emeritus Professor of Zoology and Applied Entomology) & R. G. Davies M.Sc. (Reader in Entomology)

Authors
  1. O. W. Richards M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. G. Davies M.Sc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 O. W. Richards and R. G. Davies

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Richards, O.W., Davies, R.G. (1977). Plecoptera (Perlaria: Stoneflies). In: Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0472-4_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0472-4_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-0474-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0472-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation