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Convergent Evolution in Extremely Halophilic Prokaryotes: A Comparison Between Salinibacter Ruber (Bacteria) and the Halobacteriaceae (Archaea)

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Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Modern Horizons

Abstract

Salinibacter is an aerobic, red, extremely halophilic bacterium that was recently isolated from saltem crystallizer ponds in Spain. Phylogenetically, Salinibacter belongs to the Flavobacterium — Cytophaga — Bacteroides group. It is one of the most halophilic organisms belonging to the domain Bacteria, and it is unable to grow at salt concentrations below 150 g/1. A comparison of Salinibacter with the extremely halophilic representatives of the Halobacteriaceae (Archaea) shows many striking similarities. Both groups maintain high intracellular K+ and Cl− concentrations. No organic osmotic solutes were detected in significant concentrations in the cytoplasm of either group, and the intracellular enzymatic machinery was found to be functional in the presence of molar concentrations of salt, an adaptation based on salt-requiring proteins with a high excess of acidic amino acids. Comparison of additional properties shows many additional similarities such as the absorption spectrum of the pigments, the use of (variations of) the Entner-Doudoroff pathway for sugar degradation, and even a similar G+C percentage of their DNA. These comparative studies suggest that we may be dealing here with an excellent example of convergent evolution, in which similar features have evolved in phylogenetically unrelated organisms as an adaptation to life at the highest salt concentrations.

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  1. Division of Microbial and Molecular Ecology, The Institute of Life Sciences, and The Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aharon Oren

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  1. Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

    Solomon P. Wasser

  2. N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine

    Solomon P. Wasser

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Oren, A. (2004). Convergent Evolution in Extremely Halophilic Prokaryotes: A Comparison Between Salinibacter Ruber (Bacteria) and the Halobacteriaceae (Archaea). In: Wasser, S.P. (eds) Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Modern Horizons. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0443-4_4

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