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Abiotic Stresses in Plants pp 71–122Cite as

Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Drought Tolerance in Crops

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Abstract

Drought is the most important abiotic stress curtailing crops’ yield world-wide. This chapter provides indications on how conventional and non-conventional approaches can contribute in furthering our understanding of the bases of the adaptive response of plants to drought and how such knowledge can be exploited to improve the yield and sustainability of crops under conditions of water deficit. The identification of the appropriate morpho-physiological and/or biochemical traits to indirectly improve crops’ yield and its stability under drought is a difficult task. Among the available options, traits directly related to yield (e.g., yield components) or traits integrating information on metabolic processes throughout the plant life cycle (e.g., stable carbon isotope discrimination) are particularly valuable. Traits related to the phenology of the crop (e.g., early vigour, flowering time, etc.) have been successfully exploited to indirectly improve yield under drought conditions. Other biochemical traits (e.g., accumulation of drought-induced proteins) improving the survival of the plant under severe conditions of dehydration may not be of great relevance in the majority of the field conditions experienced by crops, when escape and avoidance mechanisms play a more pivotal role. As to the role that the novel approaches will play in integrating conventional breeding practices, marker-assisted selection is likely to provide meaningful contributions for improving yield and its stability under drought conditions, while it remains to be ascertained to what extent genetic engineering may also contribute in such direction. Although very encouraging results have been reported with genetically engineered plants grown under controlled conditions, scanty evidence indicates a similar benefit under field conditions. A better understanding of the intricate signalling pathways involved in the adaptive response to drought coupled with the targeted manipulation of the regulatory genes controlling the expression of large suites of drought-regulated genes will provide better opportunities to more effectively tailor drought-resistant crops.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Italy

    R. Tuberosa

  2. Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Research Division of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy

    S. Grillo

  3. Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK

    R. P. Ellis

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  1. R. Tuberosa
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  2. S. Grillo
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  3. R. P. Ellis
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Section of Plant Biology, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43100, Parma, Italy

    Luigi Sanità di Toppi

  2. Centre for Ecological Research, Experimental Station, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niecała 18/3, Lublin, Poland

    Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska

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Tuberosa, R., Grillo, S., Ellis, R.P. (2003). Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Drought Tolerance in Crops. In: di Toppi, L.S., Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. (eds) Abiotic Stresses in Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0255-3_4

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