Abstract
Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) occurs naturally along the Atlantic coasts of western Europe and along the coasts of nearly all Mediterranean countries (Letschert, 1993). To be able to survive in these habitats, the sea beet has developed mechanisms, which enable it to overcome saline stress. Tolerance to salinity is determined by a number of separate but interrelated mechanisms which operate at different levels of tissue structure to control the distribution of salt and other solutes within the plant and to maintain a gradient of water potential through the plant from the soil to the atmosphere (Gorham, 1992). The balance between water and salt uptake could be maintained by reducing transpiration, but at the expense of reduced carbon fixation and reduced growth rate (Gorham, 1996). Under salt stress, the reduction of growth is greater than the decrease in photosynthesis (Cheeseman, 1988). Salinity affects carbon assimilation because of a smaller leaf area rather than a reduced rate of photosynthesis (Klenke et al. in preparation). The reduction of leaf area is among the mechanisms salt includer species use in order to minimise the evaporating surface (Koyro and Huchzermeyer, 1999a) and consequently increase their water content leading to succulence. In the sea beet leaf succulence is a consequence of salt and water accumulation which induce changes in leaf structure, especially the increase of the volume of the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells (Koyro and Huchzermeyer, 1997).
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Daoud, S., Koyro, HW., Harrouni, M.C., Schmidt, A., Papenbrock, J. (2003). Salinity tolerance of Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Part II. Physiological and biochemical regulation. In: Lieth, H., Mochtchenko, M. (eds) Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies. Tasks for Vegetation Science, vol 38. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0211-9_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0211-9_5
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