Abstract
In the United States, as in most countries, universities confronted increasing social demands throughout the twentieth century. As higher education expanded, universities and colleges repeatedly took steps to serve a more diverse clientele, to deepen their research engagements, and to extend their public service and outreach activities. By the early 1980s, the term ‘multi-university’ came into use in order to describe the multiple roles and wide range of activities of major US universities (Kerr 1982). By that time, many universities enrolled 25,000 and more students, offered degrees in 40 or more subject areas, and supported research efforts that accounted for hundreds of millions in annual expenditures (Glenny 1980; National Center for Education Statistics 1989). Today, size and complexity have reached further dimensions, as more than 4,000 institutions of higher education enrol almost 15 million students (The Chronicle of Higher Education 2001: 7, 9).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges. Trustees and Troubled Times in Higher Education. Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 1992.
Birnbaum, R. How Colleges Work: The Cybernetics of Academic Organization and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989a.
Birnbaum, R. “The Latent Organizational Functions of the Academic Senate: Why Senates do not Work but will not Go Away.” Journal of Higher Education 60. 4 (1989b): 423–443.
Birnbaum, R. (ed). Faculty in Governance: The Role of Senates and Joint Committees in Academic Decision-Making. New Directions for Higher Education, no. 75, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Brinkman, P. T. and A. W. Morgan. “Changing Fiscal Strategies for Planning.” In Peterson, M. W., D.D. Dill, L.A. Mets and associates. Planning and Management for a Changing Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997, 288–306.
Chabotar, K. J. “Managing Participative Budgeting in Higher Education.” Change (September-October 1995 ): 21–29.
Clark, B. R. The Higher Education System: Academic Organization in Cross-National Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Clark, B. R. Creating Entrepreneurial Universities. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998.
Cohen, M. D. and J. G. March. Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President. New York: McGraw-Hill/Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, 1974.
Cohen, M. D. and J. G. March. Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President. 2nd edition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1986.
Dill, D. D. and K. P. Helm. “Faculty Participation in Strategic Policy-making.” In Smart, J. C. (ed). Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, vol. 4. New York: Agathon Press, 1988, 319–355.
Dill, D.D. “Focusing Institutional Mission to Provide Coherence and Integration.” In Peterson, M. W., D.D. Dill, L. A. Mets, and associates. Planning and Management for a Changing Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997, 171–190.
El-Khawas, E. “External Review: Alternative Models based on US Experience.” Higher Education Management 7. 1 (1995): 39–48.
El-Khawas, E. “Strong State Action but Limited Results: Perspectives on University Resistance.” European Journal of Education 33. 3 (1998): 317–330.
Fisher, J.L., The Board and the President. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education/Macmillan 1991.
Floyd, C. Faculty Participation in Decision-Making. ASHE-ERIC Report No. 8. Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education/George Washington University, 1985.
Goedegebuure, L. and H. de Boer. “Governance and Decision-making in Higher Education: Comparative Aspects” Tertiary Education and Management 2. 2 (1996): 160–169.
Glenny, L. A. “Demographics and Related Issues for Higher Education in the 1980s.” Journal of Higher Education 51. 4 (1980): 376–389.
Gumport, P. J. “Contested Terrain of Academic Program Reduction.” Journal of Higher Education 64. 3 (1993): 283–311.
Gumport, P. J. Academic Governance: New Light on Old Issues. AGB Occasional Paper. Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 2000.
Gumport, P. J. and B. Pusser. “Restructuring the Academic Environment.” In Peterson, M. W., D. D.Dill, L.A. Mets and associates, Planning and Management for a Changing Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997, 453–478.
Hall, M. R. The Dean’s Role in Fund Raising. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Hecht, I.W.D., M.L. Higgerson, W.H. Gmelch, and A. Tucker. The Department Chair as Academic Leader. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx/American Council on Education, 1999.
Jordan, R. “The Faculty-Senate Minuet.” Trusteeship, Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (September/October 2001 ): 18–22.
Keller, G. Academic Strategy: The Management Revolution in American Higher Education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
Kemerer, F. and V. Baldridge. “Senates and Unions: Unexpected Peaceful Coexistence.” Journal of Higher Education 52. 3 (1981): 256–64.
Kerr, C. The Uses of the University. Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard University Press, 1982.
Kerr, C., and M. Gade. The Many Lives of Academic Presidents: Time, Place and Character. Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards, 1986.
Kezar, A.J. Understanding and Facilitating Organizational Change in the Twenty-First Century. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 28.4. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001.
Kotter, J. P. Organizational Dynamics: Diagnosis and Intervention. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1978.
Kotter, J. P. A Force for Change. New York: Free Press; London: Collier Macmillan, 1990.
Kotter, J. P. Leading Change. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
Lee, B. A. “Campus Leaders and Campus Senates” In Bimbaum, R. (ed). Faculty in Governance: The Role of Senates and Joint Committees in Academic Decision-Making. New Directions for Higher Education, no. 75. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991, 41–61.
Marcus, L. R. “Restructuring Higher Education Governance Patterns.” Review of Higher Education 20. 4 (1997): 399–418.
Massy, W.F., (ed). Resource Allocation in Higher Education. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.
Massy, W.F. and A.K. Wilger. “A Cost-Effectiveness Model for the Assessment of Educational Productivity.” In Groccia, J.E. and J.E. Miller (eds). Enhancing Productivity: Administrative Instructional and Technological Strategies. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998, 49–59.
Mercer, J. “Fund Raising has become a Job Requirement for Many Deans.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 43. 45 (1997): A31–32.
National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Educational Statistics, 1989. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Education, 1989.
National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Educational Statistics, 2000. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Education, 2000.
O’Neil, H.F., Jr., E. M. Bensimon, M.A.Diamond and M.R. Moore. “Designing and Implementing an Academic Scorecard.” Change 31. 6 (1999): 32–40.
Rhoades, G. “Rethinking and restructuring Universities.” Journal of Higher Education Management 10. 2 (1995): 17–23.
Rhoades, G. Managed professionals: Unionized Faculty and Restructuring Academic Labor. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
Rosovsky, H. The University: An Owner’s Manual. New York: Norton, 1990.
Schuster, J.H. and associates. Governing Tomorrow’s Campus: Perspectives and Agendas. New York: American Council on Education/Macmillan, 1989.
Schuster, J.H. and associates. Strategic Governance: How to Make Big Decisions Better. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx/American Council on Education, 1994.
Seymour, D. On Q: Causing Quality in Higher Education. Phonenix, Arizona: Oryx/American Council on Education, 1992.
Sporn, B. Adaptive University Structures: An Analysis of Adaptation to Socioeconomic Environments of US and European Universities. London: Jessica Kingsley, 1999.
The Chronicle of Higher Education. Almanac Issue, 2001–2002,(August 31, 2001): 7, 9.
Tucker, A. and R.A. Bryan. The Dean: Dove, Dragon and Diplomat. New York: Macmillan, 1988.
Van Vught, F. A. “Autonomy and Accountability in Government-University Relationships.” In Salmi, J. and A. M.Verspoor (eds). Revitalizing Higher Education. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995, 322–364.
Walvoord, B.E., A.K. Carey, H.L. Smith, S.W. Soled, P. K. Way and D. Zorn. Academic Departments: How They Work, How They Change. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 27.8. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
Weick, K.E. “Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21. 1 (1976): 1–19.
Wolverton, M., W.H. Gmelch, J. Montez, and C.T. Nies. The Changing Nature of the Academic Deanship. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, 28.1. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
El-Khawas, E. (2002). Governance in US Universities. In: Amaral, A., Jones, G.A., Karseth, B. (eds) Governing Higher Education: National Perspectives on Institutional Governance. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9946-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9946-7_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6200-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9946-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive