Science in Russia under Transition to a Market-Oriented Economy

Abstract

The strategy of research organization in the Soviet Union was determined by the wish to reach military security and complete technological independence. In the framework of this task a wide network of research institutions has been established in the Country, covering the subjects of all principal fundamental and applied fields of science. Many researches were performed at a world level or even exceeded it. High achievements are characteristic of mathematics, theoretical, nuclear and laser physics, microwave frequencies electronics, electrical engineering, studies of materials, aviation and space engineering, and other fields. The reputation of scientists used to be very high in Russia.