Abstract
In a review approach, this paper introduces some of the à priori knowledge of water and nutrient supply systems. Extra attention is paid to growing systems and their relation to pollution of the environment. In some European countries the year 2000 will be a target to enforce the use of closed growing systems in greenhouses. A project — started in this framework — aims at the design of a management and control system for processes in greenhouses.
Results from the EU project on monitoring and control of water and nutrient supply are presented. Ionselective ISFET sensors are used to monitor nutrient concentrations. The design of robust control algorithms seems to be feasible and ‘loopshaping’ proved to be a very useful design technique. Algorithm performance was tested in a simulation procedure, the results of which showed good disturbance suppression. Real tests on a tomato crop are scheduled for fall 1996.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albery WJ, Haggett BGD and Svanberg LR (1986) The development of electrochemical sensors. in Gensler WG (Ed) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on ‘Advanced Agricultural Instrumentation’, Il Ciocco, Martinus Nijhoff, Rotterdam, 349–392.
Agricultural Structure Memorandum (1989) Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, The Hague, 174 p (in Dutch).
Bailey BJ, Haggett BGD, Hunter A, Albery WJ and Svanberg LR (1988) Monitoring nutrient film solutions using ionselective electrodes. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 40(88)2, 129–142.
Bergveld P (1970) Development of an ion sensitive solid state device for neurophysical measurements. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng., BME-17: 70.
Buitelaar T, De Kroon H and De Jong L (1975) Verwarmingstechniek in de tuinbouw. CST, Ede, The Netherlands, 152p.
Chotai A and Young PC (1991) Self-adaptive and self-tuning control of a Nutrient Film System. in Hashimoto Y and Day W (Ed). Mathematical and Control applications in agriculture and horticulture. IFAC Workshop series 1991 (1)33–40.
Chotai A, Young PC, Davis P and Chalabi ZS (1991) True digital control of glasshouse systems. in Hashimoto Y and Day W (Ed) Mathematical and Control applications in agriculture and horticulture. IFAC Workshop series 1991 1, 41–46.
Doyle JC, Francis BA and Tannenbaum AR (1992) Feedback Control Theory. Maxwell Macmillan International Editions, New York, 227p.
Gieling TH (1980) Commercial greenhouse computer systems: inventarisation of implemented research , carried out by commercial firms. Acta Hort. 106, 59–66.
Gieling TH, Van Os EA and De Jager A (1988) The application of chemosensors and biosensors in soilless cultures. Acta Hort 230, 357–36.
Gieling TH, Bontsema J and Lukasse LJS (1993) The dynamic behaviour of salinity changes in a closed NFT growing system. Acta Hort 361, 218–225.
Gieling TH, Bontsema J, Van Antwerpen AWJ and Lucasse LJS (1994) Monitoring and control of water and fertilizer distribution in greenhouses. Acta Hort. 401.
Gieling TH and Schurer K (1995) Sensors and Measurement. in Bakker JC, Bot GPA, Challa H and Van De Braak NJ (Ed), Greenhouse climate control, an integrated approach. Wageningen Press, Wageningen, 211–223.
Gieling TH and Van Den Vlekkert HH (1996) Applications of ISFETs in closed loop systems for greenhouses. Adv. Space Res. 18(1/2).
Hauptmann P (1990) Sensoren, Prinzipien und Anwendungen. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen Wien, 182p
Hashimoto Y, Morimoto T, Fukuyama T, Watake H, Yamaguchi S and Kikuchi H (1989). Identification and control of hydroponic system using ion sensors. Acta Hort 245, 490–497.
Heinen M and Harmanny K (1992) Evaluation of the performance of ion-selective electrodes in an automated NFT system. Acta Hort 304, 273–280.
Hilhorst MA, Groenwold J and De Groot JF (1992) Water content measurements in soil and rockwool substrates: Dielectric sensors for automatic in situ measurements. Acta Hort 304, 209–218.
Honjo T and Takakura T (1991) Identification of Water and Nutrient Supply to Hydroponic Tomato Plants by Using Neural Nets. in Hashimoto Y and Day W (Ed) Mathematical and Control applications in agriculture and horticulture. IFAC Workshop series 1991, 1, 285–288.
Jacobs JM (1995) The history of greenhouse cultivation. in: Bakker JC, Bot GPA, Challa H and Van De Braak NJ (Ed), Greenhouse climate control. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, 3–7.
Kupers G, Van Gaalen J, Gieling TH and Van Os EA (1992) Diurnal changes in the ion concentration of the supply and return water of a tomato crop grown on rockwool. Acta Hort 304, 291–300.
MACQU (1993) Management and Control for Quality in greenhouse production. Project proposal EU AIR3-CT93–1603
Multi-Year Crop Protection Plan (1991) Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries. The Hague, 298 (in Dutch).
National Environmental Policy Plan (1989) Ministry of Housing, Planning and the Environment. The Hague, 258 (in Dutch).
Okuya A and Okuya T (1991) Development of an Ion Controlled Feeding Method in Hydroponics. in Hashimoto Y and Day W (Ed) Mathematical and Control applications in agriculture and horticulture. IFAC Workshop series 1991, 1, 355–360.
Reinhoudt DN (1995) Durable chemical sensors based on field-effect transistors. Sensors and Actuators B 1995, 24, 197–200.
Reinhoudt DN (1996) Transduction of molecular recognition into electronic signals. Recl. Tray. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1996, 115, 109–118.
Ruijs MNA and Van Os EA (1991) Economic evaluation of business systems with a lower degree of environmental pollution. Acta Hort 295, 79–84.
Ruijs MNA, (1994) Economic evaluation of closed production systems in glasshouse horticulture. Acta Hort 340, 87–94.
Steeghs RH and Bouwmans TWBM (1996) Het ontwerp van een robuuste regeling voor de dosering van meerdere voedingsionen in een NFT teeltsysteem. Student Report of the Agricultural University Wageningen (in Dutch).
Van Den Muijzenberg EWB (1980) A history of greenhouses. IMAG-DLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Van den Vlekkert HH (1992) Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors. Acta Hort. 304, 113–126
Van Os EA, Ruijs MNA and Van Weel PA (1991) Closed business systems for less pollution from greenhouses. Acta Hort 294, 49–57.
Van Os EA (1994) Closed growing systems for more efficient and environmental friendly production. Acta Hort 396, 25–32.
Vernooij CJM (1992) Op weg naar een schonere glastuinbouw: Het verbruik van water en meststoffen op praktijkbedrijven. LEI-DLO 4–131, The Hague, 64 (in Dutch).
Von Zabeltitz C (1978) Gewächshäuser, Plarmung und Bau. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 267p.
Werkhoven C (1992) Sensors for irrigation scheduling of cultures in the field. Acta Hort 304, 259–264.
Young PC, Tych W and Chotai A (1991) Identification, estimation and control of glasshouse systems. in Hashimoto Y and Day W (Ed) Mathematical and Control applications in agriculture and horticulture. IF AC Workshop series 1991, 1, 307–317.
®Matlab-Simulink is the registered trademark of “The Mathworks, Inc.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gieling, T.H., Bontsema, J., van Os, E.A. (1997). Monitoring and Control of Water and Nutrient Supply in Closed Growing Systems. In: Goto, E., Kurata, K., Hayashi, M., Sase, S. (eds) Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8889-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8889-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4798-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8889-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive