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Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions into Upper Mantle Peridotites from Fast Spreading Centers of the Easter Microplate (South East Pacific)

  • Conference paper
Mantle and Lower Crust Exposed in Oceanic Ridges and in Ophiolites

Part of the book series: Petrology and Structural Geology ((PESG,volume 6))

Abstract

Recently, the deepest parts (> 4000–6000 m) of the Easter Microplate bounded by fast spreading ridge segments (11–15 cm/yr total rate) were investigated by the R.V. Sonne. One of these areas is located on the western boundary of the microplate along the West Rift zone near 24°13′S and 115°41′W, and is associated with a small transform fault called Terevaka. The other area consists of a depression called the Pito Deep located at the northern tip of a ridge propagator on the East Rift (near 23°60′S and 111°57′W) and forming the eastern boundary of the microplate. A large variety of crustal rocks were recovered from both localities. These include basalts, diabases, ferrogabbros, gabbros and olivine gabbros. Moreover, an entire suite of mantle harzburgite often showing gabbroic and ferrogabbroic veins and dikelets was found in the Tereveka transform fault. Other ultramafic rocks from Terevaka include wall rock dunitic rims and massive plagioclase dunite resulting from the percolation and impregnation of basaltic liquid in peridotite, and also a rare type of clinopyroxenite veins and clusters made of granoblastic chromium diopside.

Petrological study of samples from the Pito Deep indicates the presence of primitive leucotroctolites (An85, Fo86, clinopyroxene Mg#=89). Harzburgites from the Tereveka transform fault show refractory mineral compositions of spinel (Mg#=61–68, Cr#=40–46), olivine (Fo=91, NiO=0.38% ), orthopyroxene (Mg#=91, Al2O3=2.5% , Cr2O3=0.72% ), and trace amounts of clinopyroxene (Mg#=93, Al2O3=2.8% , Cr2O3=1 %, TiO2<0.05%/ ). Based on their Na content, two varieties of diopside are found in the harzburgite: a low Na-type (Na2O=0.06% ) and a normal Natype (Na2O=0.38% ). Peridotites impregnated by gabbroic veins show strong chemical disequilibrium with wall rock spinel and clinopyroxene enriched in Fe, Ti and Al contents (spinel: TiO2=0–6.1 %, Cr#=35–68, Mg#=20–65; clinopyroxene: TiO2=1.1 %, A1203=3.1 %, Cr203=0.8 %, Mg#=87).

We present textural and petrological observations for widespread magmatic intrusion, impregnation and melt-solid reaction between transient basaltic melts and refractory mantle peridotites formed at a fast spreading center. This study describes in detail magmatic features which we believe are part of the accretion process occurring within the lower crust-upper mantle transition zone. Comparisons with other Pacific regions suggest that similar magmatic processes of melt impregnation and reaction occur in a variety of tectonic settings such as transform faults (i.e., Tereveka, Garrett) and propagating rifts (i.e., Pito Deep, Hess Deep). It also reinforces the evidence that interaction of basaltic melt with peridotite residues is a prominent phenomenon in the genesis of oceanic lithosphere.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. “GDR-Genèse et évolution des Domaines océaniques”, DRO/Géosciences Marines, IFREMER, Centre de Brest, 29280, Plouzané, France

    M. Constantin & R. Hékinian

  2. “GDR-Genèse et évolution des Domaines océaniques”, Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29285, Brest, France

    M. Constantin

  3. Geologische-Palaontologisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 2300, Kiel, Germany

    D. Ackermand & P. Stoffers

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  1. M. Constantin
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  2. R. Hékinian
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  3. D. Ackermand
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  4. P. Stoffers
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geodynamics Research Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    R. L. M. Vissers

  2. Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France

    A. Nicolas

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Constantin, M., Hékinian, R., Ackermand, D., Stoffers, P. (1995). Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions into Upper Mantle Peridotites from Fast Spreading Centers of the Easter Microplate (South East Pacific). In: Vissers, R.L.M., Nicolas, A. (eds) Mantle and Lower Crust Exposed in Oceanic Ridges and in Ophiolites. Petrology and Structural Geology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8585-9_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8585-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4557-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8585-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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