Skip to main content

Handwriting and the Writing Hand

Les mots m’ont pris par la main. — Aragon

  • Chapter
Writing Systems and Cognition

Part of the book series: Neuropsychology and Cognition ((NPCO,volume 6))

Abstract

Handwriting, sometimes called the graphemic activity, is studied by different disciplines of widely differing aims and approaches. Teachers describe handwriting in order to promote ‘good’ handwriting in children; clinical and cognitive psychologists study various dimensions of writing to find out why some people display ‘bad’ writing or fail to write altogether, neurologists and neuropsychologists correlate the various forms of dysgraphia and agraphia with causative brain malfunctions; forensic ‘expert witnesses’ and ‘graphologists’ seek to identify the authorship and personality of senders of anonymous letters and the like; linguists and other semioticists try to determine the extent to which written language exhibits formal properties like those found in spoken language; palaeographers and epigraphists are concerned to identify the date and provenance of ancient texts; and so on.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ajuriaguerra, J. de, and Auzias, M., 1975. Preconditions for the development of writing in the child. In E.H. Lenneberg and E. Lenneberg (eds.), Foundations of Language Development, a Multidisciplinary Approach. New York, San Francisco, London: Academic Press; Paris: Unesco Press, Vol. II.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreewsky, E., and Rosenthal, V., 1988. Alexies-aphasies, problème des relations écrit/oral. In N. Catach (éd.) Pour une Théorie de la Langue Écrite, Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assal, G., Buttet, J., and Jolivet, R., 1981. Dissociations in aphasia: A case report. Brain and Language 13.223–240.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Auzias, M., Casati, L, Delahaye, R., and Verleure, F., 1977. Ecrire à cinq ans? Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.S., 1966. Furniture in the Ancient World. London: The Connoisseur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbut, D. and Gazzaniga M.S. 1987. Disturbance in conceptual space involving language and speech. Brain 110:1487–1496.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, G.F., Pulak C., Collon D. and Weinstein J., 1989. A Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun, 1986 Campaign. American Journal of Archaelogy 93:1–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beauvois, M.F. and Dérousesné, J., 1981. Lexical or orthographic agraphia. Brain 104.21–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, F.A.G., 1975. Album of Greek education. The Greeks at School and at Play. Sydney: Cheiron Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, E.L., 1960. Anonymous writers in Mycenean palaces. Archaeology 13.26–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benichon-Sedeyn, M-J., 1990. Acte mécanique ou présence vivante. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdwhistell, R.L., 1952. Introduction to Kinesics. Louisville: University of Kentucky Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdwhistell, R.L., 1970. Kinesics and Context, Essays on Body Motion and Communication. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, B., 1985. Paléographie de L’antiquité Romaine et du Moyen Age Occidental. Paris: Picard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolla-Wilson, K., Speedie, L.J., and Robinson, R.G., 1985. Phonological agraphia in a left-handed patient after a right-hemisphere lesion. Neurology 35.1778–1781.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouissac, P., 1973. La mesure des Gestes. The Hague, Paris: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, H., 1928. Collected Papers of Henry Bradley, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broc, J., Fabre, J., Martin, L., and Montagues, B., sous la direction d’A. Ramière de Fortanier, 1979. Testaments provençaux du Moyen Age, documents paléographiques. Institut Historique de Provence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bub, D. and Kertesz, A., 1982a. Evidence for lexicographic processing in a patient with preserved written over oral single word naming. Brain 105.697–717.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bub, D. and Kertesz, A., 1982b. Deep agraphia. Brain and Language 17.146–165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buytendijk, F.J.J., 1957. Attitudes et mouvements, Etudes Fonctionnelles de Mouvement Humain. Préface de E. Minkowski. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callewaert, H., 1962. Graphologie et Physiologie de l’Ecriture, deuxième édition. Louvain-Paris: Nauwelaerts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappelli, A., 1982. The Elements of Abbreviation in Medieval Latin Paleography, transi. by D. Heimann and R. Kay. University of Kansas Libraries.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caramazza, A., 1986. On drawing inferences about the structure of normal cognitive systems from the analysis of patterns of impaired performance; the case for single-patient studies. Brain and Cognition 5.41–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, G.R., 1978. Per uan teoria integrata della scrittura, Alfabetismo e cultura scritta nella toria della società italiana. Atti del Seminario tenutosi a Perrugia il 29-30 marzo 1977. Perugia Universià degli Studi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casamassima, E. and Staraz, E., 1977. Varianti e cambio gràfico nella scrittura dei papiri latini, note paleogràfiche. Scrittura e Civiltà 1.9–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catach, N., 1982. L’orthographe. Collection “Que sais-je.” Cerny, J., 1952. Paper and Books in Ancient Egypt. London: H.K. Lewis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, J., 1967. The Decipherment of Linear B. (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Changeux, J.-P., 1983. L’homme neuronal. Paris: Fayard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M., 1958. La Grande invention de l’Ecriture et son Évolution. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, C. Klincksiek.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosnier, J., Coulon, J., Berendonner, A., and Orecchioni, C., 1982. Les Voies du Langage. Communications Verbales. Gestuelles et Animales. Paris: Dunod.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cossu, G. and Marshall, J.C., 1985. Dissociation between reading and written spelling in two Italian children: Dyslexia without Dysgraphia. Neuropsychologia 23.697–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Croisile, B., Trillet, M., Laurent, B., Latombe, D., and Schott, B., 1989. Agraphie lexicale par hématome temporo-pariétal gauche. Revue Neurologique 145.287–292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Kerckhove, D., 1986. Alphabetic Literacy and Brain Processes. Visible Language 20.287–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Kerckhove, D. and Lumsden, C.J., ed., 1988. The Alphabet and the Brain, the Lateralization of Writing. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Demsky, A., 1976. Literacy in Israel and among neighboring peoples in the biblical period. (In Hebrew). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Jerusalem.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J., 1967. De la grammatologie. Paris: Editions de Minuit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diringer, D., 1968. The Alphabet, A Key to the History of Mankind. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downing, J. 1973, Is literacy acquisition easier in some languages than in others?, Visible Language 7.145–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drége, J.-P., Ishigami-Iagolnitzer, M., and Cohen, M. (eds.), 1986. Le livre et l’imprimerie en Extrême-Orient et en Asie du Sud, Actes du colloque organisé à Paris en 1983. Bordeaux: Société des Bibliophiles de Guyenne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drioton, E., 1949. La pédagogie aux temps des Pharaons, Revue des Conférences françaises en Orient, May

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver, G.R., 1976. Semitic Writing (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, J., 1977. L’agraphie des apasiques sensoriels: les troubles à la dictée des mots et des logatomes. Langages 47.86–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumézil, G., 1981. La tradition druidique et l’écriture, le vivant et le mort. Cahiers pour un temps: 325–337. Paris: Pandora éditions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Pasquier-Grall, M.A. L’évolution de l’écriture de l’enfant, point de vue clinique. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, J.M., 1977. Diffusion et pratiques des écritures cunéiformes au Proche-Orient ancien. In L’espace et la lettre, Paris, Union Générale d’Editions, Cahiers Jussieu 3, Université de Paris 7.13–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, J.M., L’écriture et la psychologie des peuples, 1963. Paris: Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgerton, W.E., 1940. On the theory of writing. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60.473–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Efron, D., (1972). Gesture, Race and Culture, A tentative study of some of the spatiotemporal and linguistic’ aspects of the gestural behaviour of Eastern Jews and Southern Italians in New York, Living under similar as well as different environmental conditions. La Haye and Paris: Mouton (Approaches to Semiotics 9).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A.W., 1979. Slips of the pen. Visible Language 13.265–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A.W., 1982. Spelling and writing (and reading and speaking). In A.W. Ellis (ed.). Normality and Pathology in Cognitive Functions. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A.W., Young, A.W., and Flude, B.M., 1987. Afferent dysgraphia in a patient and normal subjects. Cognitive Psychology 4.465–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A.W., and Young, A.W., 1988. Human Cognitive Neuropsychology. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erman, A, 1971. Life in Ancient Egypt. New York: Dover Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Février, J.G., 1959. (re-edited 1984). Histoire de l’écriture. Paris: Payot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, H.G., 1980. The Orientation of Hieroglyphs. Paris: Conference publique du Collège de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J.A., ed., 1971. Advances in the Creation and Revision of Writing Systems. The Hague, Paris: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Founder, J.-M. and Vienot, J.-Ch., 1974. Mesures sur des tracés de lettres au moyen de techniques holographiques, in Les techniques de laboratoire dans l’étude des manuscrits, Colloques internationaux du C.N.R.S., no 548. Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, N., 1981. Toward a mathematization of kinetic behavior; a review of Paul Bouissac’s La mesure des gestes. In A. Kendon (ed.), Non Verbal Communication, Interaction, and Gesture. The Hague: Mouton (Approaches to Semiotics, 41).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friederici, A., Schoenle, P.W. and Goodglass, H., 1981. Mechanisms underlying writing and speech in aphasia. Brain and Language 13.212–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gadd, C.J., 1956. Teachers and Students in the Oldest Schools. London: University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaur, A., 1987. A History of Writing, 2nd ed. London: The British Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, LG., 1952. A Study of Writing, 2nd ed. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilissen, L., 1973. L’expertise des écritures médiévales, Recherches d’une méthode avec application à un manuscrit du Xle siècle; le lectionnaire de Lobbes, codex Bruxellensis 18018. Gand: Editions scientifiques E. Story-Scientia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, N., 1971. Lettering as Drawing. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, N., 1986. A History of Lettering. Oxford: Phaidon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas, W., (ed.), 1976. Writing without Letters. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas Dyson, A., 1982. The emergence of visible language; interrelationships between drawing and early writing. Visible Language 16.360–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallo, W.W., 1980. The expansion of cuneiform literature, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research Jubilee Volume. Jerusalem.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., 1980. The Language-makers. London: Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., 1986. The Origin of Writing. London: Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., 1989. How does writing restructure thought. Language and Communication 9.99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., 1990. Quelques réflexions sur la tyrannie de l’alphabet. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, F.D., 1966. Literacy in the Athenian democracy. Revue des etudes grecques 79.585–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield, F.M., 1985. Visual and phonological factors in acquired Dysgraphia. Neuropsychologia 23 1.13–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havelock, E.A., 1976. Origins of Western Literacy. Toronto, Ontario: Institute for Studies in Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Havelock, E.A., 1982. The Literate Revolution in Greece and its Cultural Consequences’, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hécaen, H., 1979. Aphasias. In M.S. Gazzaniga (ed.), Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology. New York, London: Plenum Press, Vol. 2, 239–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hécaen, H. and Marcie, P., 1974. Disorders of written language following right hemisphere lesions. In S.J. Dimont, and J.G. Beaumont (eds.), Hemispheric Functions in the Human Brain. London: Elik.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, E.D., Jr., 1977. The Philosophy of Composition. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Immerwahr, H.R., 1964. Book rolls on attic vases. In Henderson, C. (ed.), Classical, medieval and renaissance studies in honor of BL. Ullman, Vol. 1. Rome: Edizionede Storia e Letteratura, 17–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Immerwahr, H.R., 1973. More book rolls on Attic vases. Antike Kunst 16:143–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobson, R., 1960. Closing statement: Linguistic and Poetics. In T.A. Sebeok (ed.), Style in Language. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, T.G.H., 1984. Pharaoh’s People, Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt. London, Sydney, Toronto: The Bodley Head.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery, L.H., 1961. The Local Scripts of Ancient Greece. A study of the origin of the Greek alphabet and its development from the eighth to the fifth centuries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery, L.H., 1976. Archaic Greece, The City-States c. 700-500 B.C. London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.A., and Aoki, C., 1988. The processing of Japanese kana and kanji characters. In (de Kerckhoveand Lumsden 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kao, H.S.R., Shek, D.T.L., and Lee, E.S.P., 1983. Control modes and task complexity in tracing and handwriting performance. Acta Psychologica 54.69–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, S.N., 1949. Schooldays: A Sumerian composition relating to the education of a scribe. Journal of the American Oriental Society 69.199–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kremin, H., 1987. Is there more than ah-oh-oh? Alternative strategies for writing and repeating lexically. In M. Coltheart, G. Sartori, and R. Job (eds.), The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Language, London, Hillsdale (New Jersey): Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kremin, H., 1989, Lexical access viewed from the information processing approach; reading and writing (data from pathology). In P.G. Aaron and R. Malatesha Joshi (eds.), Reading and Writing Disorders in Different Orthographic Systems. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laine, T. and Manilla, R.J., 1981. Pure agraphia: A case study. Neuropsychologia 19.311–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lebrave, J.-L., 1987. Le jeu de l’énonciation en allemand d’après les variantes manuscrites des brouillons de H. Heine. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Paris-Sorbonne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lhermitte, F. and Dérouesné, J., 1974. Paraphasies et jargonophasie dans le langage oral avec conservation du langage écrit; Genèse des néologismes, Revue neurologique 130.21–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemaire, A., 1981. Les éecoles et la formation de la Bible dans l’ancien Israël. Fribourg: Editions Universitaires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichteim, M., 1973. Ancient Egyptian Literature; A Book of Readings. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Likforman-Sulem, L., 1989. Mise en oeuvre d’un système expert pour l’analyse de caractères hébreux en vue de l’authentification de manuscrits. Thèse de doctorat soutenue à l’Ecole Nationale des Télécommunications (Dépt. Images), Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin Guojun and Zheng Rusi, 1989. L’histoire du livre en Chine, trad. A.-M. Harvey et O. Pasteur. Beijing: Editions en langues étrangè;res.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lissarrague, F., 1985. Paroles d’images: Remarques sur le fonctionnement de l’écriture dans l’imagerie attique. In Christin, A.M. (ed.). Ecritures II. Paris: Le Sycomore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobrot, M., 1980. Troubles de la langue écrite et remèdes. Paris: Editions sociales françaises.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lurçat, L., 1974. Etudes de l’acte graphique. Paris, La Haye: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lurçat, L., 1982. Latéralité, mouvement et écriture. Journal de Psychologie 3.279–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A.R., 1966. Higher Cortical Functions in Man, transl, by B. Haigh. London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A.R., 1970. Traumatic Aphasia: Its Syndromes, Psychology and Treatment. The Hague: Mouton.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A.R., 1972. The man with a shattered world. A history of a brain wound. New York: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinowski, B., 1966. The problem of meaning in primitive languages, In C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards (eds.), The Meaning of Meaning. London: Routledge and K. Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallon, J. 1982. De l’écriture. Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkiel, Y., 1967. Secondary uses of letters in language. The Journal of Typographic Research 1.96-110, 169-190, (reprinted from Romance Philology, Vol. 19, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, P., 1983. Writing disorders associated with focal cortical lesions. In M. Martlew (ed.), The Psychology of Written Language. Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley and Son.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolin, D.I., 1984. The neuropsychology of writing and spelling; Semantic, phonological, motor and perceptual processes. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 36A.459–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolin, D.I. and Binder L., 1984. Multiple component agraphia in a patient with atypical cerebral dominance: An error analysis, Brain and Language 22:26–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marichal, R., 1952. L’écriture latine de la chancellerie impériale. Ægyplus 32.336–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrou, H.I., 1948. Histoire de l’éducation dans l’antiquité. Paris: Le Seuil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, Unger J., 1984. Japanese orthography in the computer age, aspects of the Japanese writing system. Visible Language 18.238–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauss, M., 1936. Les techniques du corps. Journal de Psychologie 32.3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miceli, G., 1989. A model of the spelling process; evidence from cognitively impaired subjects. In P.G. Aaron and R. Malatesha Joshi (eds.), Reading and Writing Disorders in Different Orthographic Systems. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mon ogham, E.G., 1987. Readers writing: The curriculum of the writing schools of eighteenth century Boston. Visible Language 21.167–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morison, S., 1972. Politics and script, aspects of authority and freedom in the development of Graeco-Latin script from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth century A.D. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Münch, A., 1987. The comparison of very similar handwriting—reflexions on the real value of handwriting analysis. 11th meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzerelle, D., 1988. Interrogatoire d’un témoin, lin J. Glenisson (ed.),Le Livre au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh, J. 1982. Early History of the Alphabet. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim, A.L., 1964. Ancient Mesopotamia, Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osley, A.S., 1972. Luminario, An Introduction to the Italian Writing-books of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Nieuwkoop Miland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paillard, J., 1990. Les bases nerveuses du contrôle visuo-manuel de l’écriture, In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parassoglou, G.M., 1979. Some thoughts on the posture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans when writing on papyrus rolls. Scrittura e Civiltà 3.5-21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parizeau, M. and Plamondon, R., 1987. Relative performances of signature handwritten passwords and initial of personal identification, In Comptes-rendu du troisième symposium international sur l’écriture manuscrite et ses applications informatiques. Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parizeau, M. and Plamondon, R., 1989. What types of scripts can be used for personal identity verification? In R. Plamondon, C. Y. Suen and M.L. Simner (eds.), Computer Recognition and Human Production of Handwriting, Singapore: World Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, K., 1986. Lexical but nonsemantic spelling. Cognitive Neuropsychology 4.341–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pellat, J.-C., 1988. Indépendance ou interaction de l’écrit et de l’oral? Recensement critique des définitions du graphè;me. In N. Catach (ed.), Pour une théorie de la langue écrite. Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W. and Roberts, L., 1959. Speech and Brain Mechanisms. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrucci, A., 1989. Breve Storia délia Scrittura Latina. Roma: Bagatto, Libri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrucci, A., and Pratesi, A. (eds.), 1988. Un secolo di paleografia et diplomatica (1887–1986) per il centenario dell’Istituto de paleografia dell’Universita di Roma. Roma: Gela Editrice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petti, A.G., 1977. English Literary Handsfrom Chaucer to Dryden, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulie, E., 1990. L’écriture latine au Moyen Age. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, M.A., 1981. Three problems in the history of cuneiform writings: origins, direction of script, literacy. Visible Language 15.419–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pulgram, E., 1951. Phoneme and grapheme; a parallel. Word 7.15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riché, P., 1979. Les écoles et l’enseignement dans l’occident chrétien de la fin du Ve siècle au milieu du XIe siècle. Paris: Aubier Montaigne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeltgen, D.P., Sevush, S. and Heilman, K.M., 1983. Phonological agraphia: Writing by the lexical-semantic route. Neurology 33.755–765.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roeltgen, D.P. and Heilman, K.M., 1983. Apractic agraphia in a patient with normal praxis. Brain and Language 18.35–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roeltgen, D.P., Rothi Gonzalez, L and Heilman, K.M., 1986. Linguistic semantic agraphia; A dissociation of the lexical spelling system from semantics. Brain and Language 27.257–280.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saenger, P., 1982. Silent reading: its impact on late medieval script and society. Viator 13.367–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sainte Fare Garnot, J., 1963. Les hiéroglyphes, l’évolution des écritures égyptiennes. In L’écriture et la psychologie des peuples. Paris: Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassoon, R., 1986. Helping your Handwriting. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sas soon, R., 1990a. Handwriting, a New Perspective. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sas soon, R., 1990b. Le tenue de la plume; applications et implications d’une classification. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassoon, R., Wing, A.M. and Nimmo-Smith, I., 1986. An analysis of children’s penholds. In Kao, H.S.R. (ed.), Contemporary Research in Handwriting. North Holland: Elsevir Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schäffer, H., 1974. Principles of Egyptian Art. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedeyn, M.-J., 1988. Taking a distance. 10th meeting of the International Association of Forensic Medicine, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley, C., 1984. The Japanese script since 1900. In Seeley, C. (ed.), Aspects of the Japanese Writing System, Special issue of Visible Language 18.267–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shallice, T., 1981. Phonological agraphia and the lexical route in writing. Brain 104.413–429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shallice, T., 1988. From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C., 1974. Etude du tracé de l’écriture. In Les Techniques de Laboratoire dans l’étude des manuscrits, Colloques internationaux du CNRS, no. 548, Paris, Editions du CNRS, 17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C. and Dukan M., 1976. Ecriture et civilisations. Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C., 1981. L’examen des écritures, L’oeil et la machine. Essai de méthodologie. Paris: Editions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C., 1986a. Les manuscrits en caractères hébraïques: Réalités d’hier et histoire d’aujourd’hui. Scrittura e Civiltá 10.239–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C., 1986b. Les moyens d’investigation scientifique et les manuscrits hébreux du Moyen Age. Scriptorium 40.278–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat, C., 1987. La morphologie humaine et la direction des écritures. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Comptes Rendus, 7–56 (English summary: The Material Conditions of the Lateralization of the Ductus. In [de Kerckhove, Ch. J. Lumsden 1988].)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat C., Irigoin J. and Poulie E. (eds.), 1990. L’écriture: le cerveau, l’œil et la main, Bibliologia 10. Turnhout: Brepols.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirat C. and Vinh T.-S., 1990. Ecritures contrôlées, écritures personnelles. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P.T., and Pattison, H.M., 1980. English shorthand systems and abbreviatory conventions; A psychological perspective. In P.A. Kolers, M.E. Wrolstad and H. Bouma, (eds.), Processing of Visible Language 2. New York and London: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyth, M.M. and Silvers, G., 1987. Functions of vision in the control of handwriting. Acta Psycholog ica 65.47–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Street, B.V., 1984. Literacy in Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabuchi, A.-M., 1988. Approche neuropsychologique de l’agraphie par l’étude de la forme des graphèmes; élaboration d’une méthode d’analyse de la performance écrite. Thèse de Doctorat, Paris III.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, I., 1988. Psychology of literacy: east and west In (de Kerckhove and Lumsden 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenney, Y.J., 1980. Visual factors in spelling. In U. Frith (ed.), Cognitive Processes in Spelling. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjäder, J.-O., 1982. Some ancient letter-forms in the later Roman cursive and early mediaeval script and the script of the notarii. Scriitura e Civiltà 6.5–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teulings, H.L., 1988. Handwriting-Movement Control; Research into Different Levels of the Motor System. Nijmegen: Mijmeegs Institut voor Cognitie-onderzoek en Informatietechnologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas sen, J.W.M., 1990. Théories et méthodes modernes de l’étude de la motricité graphique. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, E.M., 1892. (repr. 1966). A Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography. Chicago: Argonaut, Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, E.M., 1912. (repr. 1962). Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, E.G., 1965. Athenians learn to write, Platon, Protagoras 326. Bulletin of the institute of Classical Studies 12.67–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, E.G., 1971. Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, E.G., 1977. Athenian Books in the Fifth Century B.C. (rev. ed.). London: University College Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, E.G., 1980. Greek Papyri, an introduction (2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vachek, J., 1948. (reprinted 1976). Written Language and Printed Languages: Selected Writings in English and General Linguistics. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vachek, J. 1989. Written Language Revisited, ed. P.A. Lueldsdorff. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandier, J., 1958. Manuel d’Archéologie Égyptienne III. Les Grandes Époques, la Statuaire. Paris: Picard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ventris, M. and Chadwick, J., 1955. Documents in Mycenean Greek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermis, P., 1982. Les jeux d’écriture. In André-Leicknam, B, and Ziergler, C. (eds.), Naissance de l’écriture. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viviani, P., 1990. L’écriture comme mouvement. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Viviani, P. and Terzuolo, C., 1983. The organization of movement in handwriting and typing. Language Production 2.103–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.C., 1975. What is the proper characterization of the alphabet? I: Desiderate, Visible Language 9.293–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.C., 1980, II: Composition, Ars Semeiotica 3.3–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.C., 1981. TU: Appearance, Ars Semeiotica 4.269–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.C., 1988, IV: Union, Se miotica 75.279–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, W.C., 1989. Getting writing right. Semiotica 75.279–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, R.M., 1986. Variations in spelling and the special case of colloquial contractions. Visible Language 20.413–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, S., 1990. Reflections on (new) philology. Speculum 65.11–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, A.M., 1990. Etude de la variabilité dans la forme spatiale de l’écriture cursive. In (Sirat, Irigoin, and Poulie 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zangwill, O.L., 1979. Two cases of crossed aphasia in dextrals. Neuropsychologia 17.167–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sirat, C. (1994). Handwriting and the Writing Hand. In: Watt, W.C. (eds) Writing Systems and Cognition. Neuropsychology and Cognition, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8285-8_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8285-8_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4344-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8285-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics