Abstract
The rebellion of 1888 dealt with in this study occurred in the district of Anjer in the extreme north-west of Java. Although it flared up during a relatively short period — from the ninth until the thirtieth of July — the social ferment which preceded the outbreak of the revolt must be traced back to the early’ seventies. This revolt was only one of a series of risings which took place in Ban ten during the 19th century and it was also an instance of the social convulsions which were sweeping across Java. The records of the Colonial Office for the last century tell of many risings and attempts at insurrections by the peasantry.1 Millenarian movements, a concomitant of social unrest and turmoil, appeared in various parts of Java, while religious revivalism manifested itself in the mushrooming growth of religious schools and mystico-religious brotherhoods throughout Java. In fact, the nineteenth century was a period of social unrest accompanying social change, brought about by the growing impact of the West. An increasing modernization of the economy and the polity could be observed. The whole transition from traditionality to modernity was marked by recurrent social upheavals, akin to the insurrection of 1888 in Ban ten. The risings, which occurred in almost all the residencies of Java and in the Principalities,2 exhibited common characteristics.
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References
For the structural approach to Southeast Asian history, see Benda in JSAH, Vol. III, no. 1 (1962), pp. 106–138. The present author has attempted to employ the multi-dimensional approach with special reference to the history of the National Movement in Indonesia;
see Sartono Kartodirdjo in JSAH, Vol. III, no. 1 (1962), pp. 67–94.
Van der Kroef in CSSH, Vol. I (1958–1959), p. 299.
Van der Kroef, in CSSH, Vol. I (1958–1959), pp. 299–323.
To mention a few instances: the conspiracy of Mangkuwidjojo in 1865, in TNI (1871), no. 2, pp. 206–210; disturbances in Bekasi, in TNI, (1873), no. 2, pp. 305 f; the Pulung affair, in IG (1886), no. 1, pp. 231-238, 378-380; the Tjiomas affair in IG (1886), no. 2, pp. 941 f; the Srikaton affair, in IG (1889), no. 1, pp. 216-221; also in IG (1889), no. 2, p. 1776; riots in Tjampea, in IG (1892), no. 2, pp. 1920-1926.
Van Sandick (1892), pp. 28–86, in which the cattle plague is dealt with. The author spent some time in the region and was acquainted with the living conditions which prevailed at that time. For a criticism of van Sandick’s view, see H. Djajadiningrat in Handelingen (1921), p. 309; cf. Snouck Hurgronje, in VG, Vol. IV, no. 1 (1924), pp. 251–256.
According to Evans-Pritchard (1961, pp. 14–15), social movements, because of their basic features, become a common ground for several disciplines. Compare: Talmon in AES, Vol. III (1962), p. 126.
It is worthwhile to study previous cases of conflict in Banten during the sultanate, in order to detect to what extent it was accelerated by Western intrusion. See van der Aa, in BKI, 4th series, Vol. V (1881), pp. 1–125.
For a good synopsis of recent theories on the correlation between religious movements and the struggle for power, see Mair, in CSSH, Vol. I (1958–1959), pp. 112–135; see also Yinger (1963).
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© 1966 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Kartodirdjo, S. (1966). Introduction. In: The Peasants’ Revolt of Banten in 1888: Its Conditions, Course and Sequel. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7543-0_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7543-0_1
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