Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alkali Feldspar Exsolution: Kinetics and Dependence on Alkali Interdiffusion

  • Chapter
Feldspars and Feldspathoids

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 137))

Abstract

The coherent solvus and coherent spinodal for sanidine-high albite are reasonably well known from experimental studies. These relations together with experimental coarsening rates can be used to interpret the thermal histories of rapidly cooled cryptoperthites which are characterized by a coherent, lamellar microstructure. The lamellar spacing (λ) is largely dependent on the rate of cooling during the first 70°C after the sample has crossed the coherent spinodal; the compositional difference of the lamellae (∆C) is more dependent on the lower temperature history of these cryptoperthites.

The rate of change of both ∆C and λ is controlled by interdiffusion of the alkali ions. The diffusion path is normal to the lamellar boundary for the change of ∆C, whereas it is complex and much longer for lamellar coarsening. Hence even though both processes depend on alkali diffusion rates, lamellar coarsening is much slower. Experimental diffusion data indicate that alkali interdiffusion is anisotropic, independent of water pressure to at least 2 kbar, and independent of confining pressure to 15 kbar however, it is not known to what extent other components or impurities affect these rates. Ansvers to these questions, together with modeling of coarsening rates using diffusion data, are important areas of further research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • BAILEY, A.: 1971, Comparison of low-temperature with high-temperature diffusion of sodium in albite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 25, pp. 147–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • BOLLMAN, W. and NISSEN, H.-U.: 1968, A study of optimal phase boundaries: the case of exsolved alkali feldspars. Acta Crystallogr. A24, pp. 546–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRADY, J.B.: 1975, Reference frames and diffusion coefficients. Amer. J. Sci. 275, pp. 954–983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRADY, J.B. and YUND, R.A.: 1983, Interdiffusion of K and Na in alkali feldspars: homogenization experiments. Amer. Min. 68, pp. 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, W.L. and WILLAIME, C.: 1974, An explanation of exsolution orientations and residual strain in cryptoperthites. in “The Feldspars”, W.S. MacKENZIE and J. ZUSSMAN, ed. Manchester University Press, pp. 440–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, W.L. and PARSONS, I.: 1983, Nucleation on perthite-perthite boundaries and exsolution mechanisms in alkali feldspars. Phys. Chem. Minerals. 10, pp. 55–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, W.L. and PARSONS, I.: In Press, Exsolution and coarsening mechanisms and kinetics in an ordered cryptoperthite series. Contrib. Mineral. Pet.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROWN, W.L., BECKER, S.M., and PARSONS, I.: 1983, Cryptoperthites and cooling rate in a layered syenite pluton: a chemical and TEM study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 82, pp. 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CAHN, J.W.: 1968, Spinodal decomposition. Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 242, pp. 166–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHAMPNESS, P.E. and LORIMER, G.W.: 1976, Exsolution in silicates. in “Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy”, H.-R. WENK, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 174–204.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTIE, O.H.J.: 1968, Spinodal precipitation in silicates. II. Short survey of theories and some additional remarks on exsolution in feldspars. Lithos, 2, pp. 285–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTOFFERSEN, R. and SCHEDL, A.: 1980, Microstructure and thermal history of cryptoperthites in a dike from Big Bend, Texas. Amer. Min. 65, pp. 444–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTOFFERSEN. R., YUND, R.A. and TULLIS, J.: 1983, Inter-diffusion of K and Na in alkali feldspars: Diffusion couple ex-periments. Amer. Min. 68, pp. 1126–1133.

    Google Scholar 

  • FLEET, M.E.: 1982, Orientation of phase and domain boundaries in crystalline solids. Amer. Min. 67, pp. 926–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • FOLAND, K.A.: 1974, Alkali diffusion in orthoclase. in “Geochemical Transport and Kinetics”, A.W. HOFMANN, B.J. GILETTI, H.S. YODER, JR. and R.A. YUND, ed. Carnegie Institution of Wash-ington and Academic Press, New York, pp. 77–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • FREER, R.: 1981, Diffusion in silicates minerals and glasses: A data digest and guide to the literature. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76, pp. 440–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GILETTI, B.J., SEMET, M.P. and KASPER, R.B.: 1974, Self-diffusion of potassium in low albite using an ion microprobe. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abst. with Progs. 6, p. 754.

    Google Scholar 

  • GROVE, T.L.: 1982, Use of exsolution lamellae in lunar clinopy-roxenes as cooling rate speedometers: an experimental calibration. Amer. Min. 67, pp. 251–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • HILLIARD, J.E.: 1970, Spinodal decomposition. in “Phase Trans-formations”, H.I. ARONSON ed. Amer. Soc. Metals, Cleveland, pp. 497–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUDSON, S. and MAZO, R.M.: 1983, The effects of aluminum–silicon ordering on phase separation for a two-dimensional model of alkali feldspars. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 9, pp. 9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HUSTON, E.L., CAHN, J.W., and HILLIARD, J.E.: 1966, Spinodal de-composition during continuous cooling. Acta Met. 14, pp.1053–1062.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KASPER, R.B.: 1974, Cation diffusion in a low albite. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abst. with Progs. 6, p. 815.

    Google Scholar 

  • KASPER, R.B.: 1975, Cation and oxygen diffusion in albite. Ph.D. Thesis, Brown University, 141 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • KROLL, H., BAMBAUER, H.-U. and SCHIRMER, U.: 1980, The high al-bite-moalbite and analbite-moalbite transitions. Amer. Min. 65, pp. 1192–1211.

    Google Scholar 

  • LASAGA, A.C.: 1981, The atomistic basis of kinetics: defects in minerals. in “Kinetics of Geochemical Processes”, A.C. LASAGA and R.J. KIRKPATRICK, ed. Mineralogical Society of America, pp. 261–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • LIN, F.-H. and YUND, R.A.: 1972, Potassium and sodium self-diffu-sion in alkali feldspar. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 34, pp. 177–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKENZIE, W.S. and SMITH, J.V.: 1956, The alkali feldspars. III. An optical and X-ray study of high temperature feldspars. Amer. Min. 41, pp. 405–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • MANNING, J.R.: 1968, “Diffusion Kinetics for Atoms in Crystals”. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 257 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • MARDON, D. and YUND, R.A.: 1981, The effect of anorthite on exsolution rates and the coherent solvus for sanidine-high albite. Amer. Geophy. Union Trans. 62, p. 411.

    Google Scholar 

  • OWEN, D.C. and McCONNELL, J.D.C.: 1974, Spinodal unmixing in an alkali feldspar. in “The Feldspars”, W.S. MacKENZIE and J. ZUSSMAN, ed. Manchester University Press, p. 424–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • PARSONS, I.: 1978, Feldspars and fluids in cooling plutons. Mineral. Mag. 42, pp. 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PETROVIC, R.: 1972, Alkali ion diffusion in alkali feldspars. Ph.D. Thesis, Yale University, 131 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • PETROVIĆ, R.: 1974, Diffusion of alkali ions in alkali feldspars. in “The Feldspars, W.S. MacKENZIE and J. ZUSSMAN, ed. Manchester University Press, pp. 174–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • PUTNIS, A. and McCONNELL, J.D.C.: 1980, “Principles of Mineral Behaviour”, Elsevier, New York, 257 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • ROBIN, P.-Y.F.: 1974a, Thermodynamic equilibrium across a co-herent interface in a stressed crystal. Amer. Min. 59, pp. 1286–1298.

    Google Scholar 

  • ROBIN, P.-Y.F.: 1974b, Stress and strain in cryptoperthite lamellae and the coherent solvus of alkali feldspars. Amer. Min. 59, pp. 1299–1318.

    Google Scholar 

  • SIPLING, P.J. and YUND, R.A.: 1976, Experimental determination of the coherent solvus for sanidine-high albite. Amer. Min. 61, pp. 897–906.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, J.V.: 1972, Critical review of synthesis and occurrence of plagioclase feldspars and a possible phase diagram. J. Geol. 80, pp. 505–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, J.V.: 1974, “Feldspar Minerals”, v. 2 Chemical and Tex-tural Properties. Springer-Verlag, New York, 690 p.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, J.V. and MacKENZIE, W.S.: 1958, The alkali feldspars: IV. the cooling history of high-temperature sodium-rich feldspars. Amer. Min. 48, pp. 872–889.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, P.: 1978, The effect of anorthite on the alkali feldspar solvus at P(water) 1 kb. in “Progress in Experimental Petrology”, 4th Progress Report, Natural Environment Research Council, Pub. Ser. D, No. 11, pp. 247–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, P. and PARSONS, I.: 1974, The alkali-feldspar solvus at 1 kilobar water-vapour pressure. Mineral. Mag. 39, pp. 747–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SOLOMAN, G.C. and ROSSMAN, G.R.: 1982, Water in feldspars. Geol. Soc. Am. Abst. with Program, 14, p. 622.

    Google Scholar 

  • SWANGER, L.A., GUPTA, P.K., and COOPER, Jr., A.R.: 1970, Computer simulation of one-dimensional spinodal decomposition. Acta Met. 18, pp. 9–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • THOMPSON, P.H. and WALDBAUM, D.R.: 1969, Mixing properties of sanidine crystalline solutions. III. Calculations based on two-phase data. Amer. Min. 54, pp. 811–838.

    Google Scholar 

  • TULLIS, J.: 1975, Elastic strain effects in coherent perthitic feldspars. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 49, pp. 83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TULLIS, J. and YUND, R.A.: 1979, Calculation of coherent solvi for alkali feldspars, iron-free clinopyroxene, nephelinekalsilite, and hematite-ilmenite. Amer. Min. 64, pp. 1063–1074.

    Google Scholar 

  • WILLAIME, C. and BROWN, W.L.: 1974, A coherent elastic model for the determination of the orientation of exsolution boun-daries: Application to the feldspars. Acta. Crystall. A30, pp. 316–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WILLAIME, C., BROWN, W.L. and GANDAIS, M.: 1976, Physical aspects of exsolution in natural alkali feldspars. in “Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy”, H.-R. WENK, ed. SpringerVerlag, Berlin, pp. 248–257.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, R.O.: 1981, Interface formation during spinodal de-composition. Acta Met. 29, pp. 95–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A.: 1974, Coherent exsolution in the alkali feldspars. in “Geochemical Transport and Kinetics”, A.W. HOFMANN, B.J. GILETTI, H.S. YODER, JR. and R.A. YUND (1974) ed. Carnegie Institution of Washington and Academic Press, pp. 173–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A.: 1983a, Microstructure, kinetics and mechanisms of alkali feldspar exsolution. in “Feldspar Mineralogy”, 2nd. Ed., ed. P.H. RIBBE, Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 2, Min-eralogical Society of America, pp. 187–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A.: 1983b, Diffusion in feldspars. in “Feldspar Mineralogy”, 2nd Ed., ed. P.H. RIBBE, Reviews in Mineralogy

    Google Scholar 

  • Vol. 2, Mineralogical Society of America, pp. 203–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and McCALLISTER, R.H.: 1970, Kinetics and mechanisms of exsolution. Chem. Geol. 6, pp. 5–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and ANDERSON, T.F.: 1974, Oxygen isotope exchange between potassium feldspar and KC1 solution. in “Geochemical Transport and Kinetics”, A.W. HOFMANN, B.J. GILETTI, H.S. YODER, JR. and R.A. YUND, ed. Carnegie Institution of Washington and Academic Press, pp. 99–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and Davidson, P.: 1978, Kinetics of lamellar coarsening in cryptoperthites. Amer. Min. 63, pp. 470–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and ACKERMAND, D.: 1979, Development of perthite and microstructures in the Storm King Granite, N.Y. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 70, pp. 273–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and TULLIS, J.: 1980, The effect of water, pressure, and strain on Al/Si order-disorder kinetics in feldspar. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 72, pp. 297–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and CHAPPLE, W.M.: 1980, Thermal histories of two lava flows estimated from cryptoperthite lamellar spacings. Amer. Min. 65, pp. 438–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and TULLIS, J.: 1983a, Strained cell parameters for coherent lamellae in alkali feldspars and iron-free pyroxenes. N. Jb. Miner. Mh. 1983, pp. 22–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A. and TULLIS, J.: 1983b, Subsolidus phase relations in the alkali feldspars with emphasis on coherent phases. in “Feldspar Mineralogy”, 2nd. Ed., P.H. RIBBE, ed., Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 2, Mineralogical Society of America, pp. 141–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A., McCLAREN, A.C., and HOBBS, B.E.: 1974, Coarsening kinetics of the exsolution microstructures in alkali feldspar. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 48, pp. 45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • YUND, R.A., ACKERMAND, D., and SEIFERT, F.: 1980, Microstruc-tures in the alkali feldspars from the granulite complex of Finnish Lapland. N. Jb. Miner. Mh. 1980, pp. 109–117.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Richard A. Yund

Authors
  1. Richard A. Yund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Petrology, University of Nancy I, Nancy, France

    William L. Brown

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yund, R.A. (1984). Alkali Feldspar Exsolution: Kinetics and Dependence on Alkali Interdiffusion. In: Brown, W.L. (eds) Feldspars and Feldspathoids. NATO ASI Series, vol 137. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6929-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6929-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-015-6931-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-6929-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation