Abstract
1-Alkali exchange between feldspar and hydrothermal solution Following studies of partitoning of the 1970s to alkali and alkaline earth trace element partitioning between feldspars (or feldspathoids) and hydrothermal solution.
It has been shown that the distribution of a trace element that is of the same valence as the major element it replaces is not a function of the structural family of the silicates, but of the size of the strucural site availsble.
In the case where the host silicate is a solid solution, the importance of departure from ideality is demonstrated : the presence of a positive deviation from ideality leads to an enhaced acceptance of the trace element in the solid solution.
The role of anions and of exsolution of the fluid on Na-K exchange is emphasized.
2-Exchange equilibria of Na and Ca detween plagioclase and hydrothermal solution
Following Orville’s paper, recent experiments provide new insight on these exchange equilibria. The results demonstrate the Problem of immiscibility of the fluid phase is more crucial than in the case of alkali chloride solutions.
As a conclusion, the effect of concentration of the fluid phase, of temperature and of pressure are compared in equilibria involving exchange of cations between alkali feldspar of plagioclase and hydrothermal solution.
Chemical reactions between feldspars and aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures play an important role in metasomatic, metamorphic and hydrothermal phenomena and in the formation of numerous experiments since the 1950s and have led, in the 1960s, to the definition of the thermodynamic mixing properties of the alkali feldspar solid-solution series and then of the plagioclase series. in the latter period, the distribution of trace elements, in particular that of the alkalis and alkaline earths between feldspars and hydrothermal solutions, began to attract attention. French researsh efforts were particularly noteworthy in this field, as well as in the development, in the 1970s of theoretical models and structural and thermodynamic generalizations. Part of this review will focus on these models of the distribution of elements at the trace level in reactions involving an exchange between monovalent and divalent cations.
If emphasis was first placed on the thermodynamic properties of the phases crystallized in these experiments, later work showed that the hydrothermal solutions could play a role in the way elements partitioned. This led to important experiments on the role pf anions, of molality, and of exsolution phenomena, the geological implications of which cannot be neglected.
In what follows, I will present, in separate sections, exchange equilibria involving monovalent cations alone, then those involving alkali and alkaline earth elements. It should be stressed that, in the cases where reversible equilibria were attained, they were only exchange equilibria. Tobal equilibria involving the state of Al, Si order in the feldspar frameworks as well were never attained in any of the experiment.
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Lagache, M. (1984). The Exchange Equilibrium Distribution of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Elements between Feldspars and Hydrothermal Solutions. In: Brown, W.L. (eds) Feldspars and Feldspathoids. NATO ASI Series, vol 137. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6929-3_7
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