Abstract
Carbon fibres are black fibres used as yarn, felt, or powder-like short monofilaments with diameters smaller than 10 μm. They are mainly applied to reinforce polymers, much like glass fibres have been used for decades in fibre glass reinforced polyesters, with the principal difference that composites with carbon fibres are so-called ‘advanced composites’ or ‘high performance’ composite materials. The progress achieved with carbon fibres, as compared with glass reinforcement fibres, is based on the superior stiffness of carbon fibres, combined with high strength and low density. As was shown in [1], the density of polyaramide fibres introduced into the market nearly simultaneously with carbon fibres, is even lower, but strength and stiffness of these organic fibres do not approach the top values of carbon fibres.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fitzer. E. (1990) “Carbon Fibres and Composites”, This conference, p. 169.
Fitzer, E. and Heine, M. (1988) “Carbon Fibres” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5thedition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, vol. A 11, 42 – 63.
IUPAC nomenclature (compare: Fitzer. E., Köchling, K.-H., Donnet, J.B., (1987), Carbon 25,2 p. 317–318.
Fitzer, E. and Heine, M. (1988) “Carbon Fibre Manufacture and Surface Treatment” in: Composite Materials Series, vol. 2 Fibre Reinforcement for Composite Materials ( A.R. Bunsell, Editor), Elsevier Uitgeversmaatschappij, Amsterdam, 37 – 148.
Fitzer, E. and Müller, D.J. (1975) Carbon 13, 63 – 69
Shindo A. Governm. Ind. Res. Inst., Osaka, Japan, Report no. 317
Watt, W., Johnson, W. and Phillip, L.N. (1964) Brit. Pat. 1 110 791
Fitzer, E., Heine, M. and Jacobsen, G. (1986) in Heikler, H. “Verstärkte Kunststoffe in der Luft-und Raumfahrttechnik”, Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 93 – 128
Brit. Pat. 911 542, Japan Priority 25. 8. 1960
Fitzer, E., Frohs, W. and Heine, M. (1986) Carbon, 24, 387 – 395
Johnson, W., Watt, W., Phillip, L.N. and Moreton, R., (1966), Brit. Pat. 1 166 251.
Cooper, C. (1982), Chemistry and Industry, 18, 678 – 683
Fitzer, E. and Frohs, W. (1985) “Structural characterization of carbon and graphite fibres”, Proc. of first seminar on carbon materials, Vinca, Yugoslavia, 31 – 46
Oberlin, A. and Guigon, M. (1988) “ The Structure of Carbon Fibres” in: Bunsell, A.R. (Ed.), Composite Materials Series, Vol.2, Fibre Reinforcements for Composite Materials, Elsevier Uitgeversmaatschappij, Amsterdam, Ch. 4, 149 – 184
Bacon, R. (1973) in: P.J. Walker,Jr. (Ed.), Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Marcel Dekker, New York, vol. 9, 7
Fitzer, E., Müller, K. and Schafer, W. (1971) Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Marcel Dekker, New York, vol. 7, 237–283
Donnet, J.B. and Bansal, R.C. (1984), Carbon Fibres, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel, 202
Cohota, K., Shinoya, I. and Morita, A. (1982) Ext. Abstr. Int. Symp. on Carbon, Toyohashi, Japan, Carbon Soc. of Japan, Tokyo, p. 300
Frohs, W. (1989) Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, compare: Fitzer, E. and Frohs, W. CIT 1989 (in print)
Fitzer, E., Heine, M. and Metzler, W. (1986) “Gaseous products during heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile”. Ext. Abstr., Carbon 86, Baden-Baden, DKG Bad Honnef, 853 - 855.
Müller, Th. (1982), Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe.
Simitzis, J. (1975), Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe.
Heine, M. (1988), Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe
Müller, D.J. (1973) Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe.
Fitzer, E., Fiedler, A.K. and Müller, D.J. (1971), ChemieIngenieur-Technik, 43 No.18, p. 1022–1027
Fitzer, E., Gkogkidis, A. and Jacobsen, G. (1982) The influence of temperature increase on stabilization of PAN, Ext. Abstr. Intern. Symp. on Carbon, Toyohashi, Japan, Carbon Society of Japan, Tokyo, 284
TOHO BESLON Co. (1981), Deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 31 32 784
TORAY Industries, Japan, (1975), Japanese Pat. No. 48 228
R & K Textiles, Inc., Stockport. UK (1983), private information.
Prescott, R. and Orr, I.W. (1980) in: Sittig, M. (Ed.) Carbon and Graphite Fibres (Manufacture and Applications), Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., USA
Fitzer, E. and Heine, M. (1987) The Effect of Textile Prestretching on Carbon Fibre Fabrication from PAN, Proceedings of 18th Bien. Conf. on Carbon, Worcester, Mass., USA, 5 – 6
Dament, G.P. and Ko, Y.S. (1986) in: Mat. Science monographs 35, Elsevier Uitgeversmaatschappij, p. 201.
Fitzer, E. and Künkele, F. (1988) Proc. of Carbon ’88, New Castle upon Tyne, “Hot Stretching of PAN-based Carbon Fibres between 2400 and 2800 °C”, 488 – 490
Guigon, M., Oberlin, A. and Desarmot, G. (1984) Fibre Science and Technology 20, 117 – 198
Böder, H., Gölden, D., Popp, G. and Vogelsang, J. (1983) Intern. SAMPE Symp., London, 12 – 1.
Fitzer, E. (1985) Carbon Fibres and Their Composites, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 3 – 45
Jäger, H. (1986), Ph.D.Thesis, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, FRG
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fitzer, E. (1990). Carbon Fibres — Present State and Future Expectations. In: Figueiredo, J.L., Bernardo, C.A., Baker, R.T.K., Hüttinger, K.J. (eds) Carbon Fibers Filaments and Composites. NATO ASI Series, vol 177. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6847-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6847-0_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-015-6849-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-6847-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive